1. Shahab Ahmad Khan 06 EEB 127
Reshadat Ali 06 EEB 158
Sharib Hussain 06 EEB 168
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2. Outline
Introduction to Microgrid.
Microgrid Operating Modes.
The Need of Microgrid.
Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks.
Environmental Aspects.
Conventional Grid versus Microgrid.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Microgrid.
Future Directions on Microgrid Research.
References.
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3. Introduction To Microgrid
What is Microgrid?
It is a small-scale power supply network that is
designed to provide power for a small community.
It enables local power generation for local loads.
It comprises of various small power generating sources
that makes it highly flexible and efficient.
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4. Introduction To Microgrid
What is Microgrid?
It is connected to both the local generating units and
the utility grid thus preventing power outages.
Excess power can be sold to the utility grid.
Size of the Microgrid may range from housing estate to
municipal regions.
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5. Introduction To Microgrid
Microgrid Components
Distributed Generation
Loads
Immediate storage
Controller
Point of Common Coupling
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6. Typical Microgrid is shown below:
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7. Pomelo, Indonesia - Village microgrid
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8. Microgrid Operating Modes
Grid Connected Mode:
 Utility grid is active.
 Static switch is closed
 All the feeders are being
supplied by utility grid.
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9. Microgrid Operating Modes
Island Mode:
 Utility grid is not supplying power
 Static switch is open.
 Feeder A, B, C are being supplied
by Microsources.
 Feeder D (not sensitive )
is dead.
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10. The Need Of Microgrid
Microgrid could be the answer to our energy crisis.
Transmission losses gets highly reduced.
Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts
emissions without major changes to lifestyles.
Provide high quality and reliable energy supply to
critical loads
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11. Interconnected Microgrids
Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks
Practical size of Microgrids is limited to a few MVA.
For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect many
Microgrids to form a larger Microgrid network called
Power Parks.
The advantages of this Microgrid structure insures
greater stability and controllability for the Power
Parks.09/14/13 11IET.Trichy

12. Environmental Aspects
Microgrid encourages the use of the renewable energy
sources.
Large land use impacts are avoided.
CO2 Emissions are reduced.
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13. Conventional Grid vs.
Microgrid
Efficiency of conventional grid is very low as compared
to Microgrid.
Large amount of energy in the form of heat is wasted in
conventional grid.
Power sources in case of Microgrid (often referred to as
Microsources) are small and are located in close
proximity to load.
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14. Advantages & Disadvantages
 Microgrid Advantages
A major advantage of a Microgrid, is its ability, during a
utility grid disturbance, to separate and isolate itself from
the utility seamlessly with little or no disruption to the loads
within the Microgrid.
In peak load periods it prevents utility grid failure by
reducing the load on the grid.
Significant environmental benefits made possible by the use
of low or zero emission generators.
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15. Advantages & Disadvantages
Microgrid Advantages
The use of both electricity and heat permitted by the
close proximity of the generator to the user, thereby
increasing the overall energy efficiency.
Microgrid can act to mitigate the electricity costs to its
users by generating some or all of its electricity needs.
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16. Advantages & Disadvantages
Microgrid Disadvantages
Voltage, frequency and power quality are three main
parameters that must be considered and controlled to
acceptable standards whilst the power and energy balance is
maintained.
Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery banks thus
requiring more space and maintenance.
Resynchronization with the utility grid is difficult.
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17. Advantages & Disadvantages
Microgrid Disadvantages
Microgrid protection is one of the most important challenges
facing the implementation of Microgrids.
Issues such as standby charges and net metering may pose
obstacles for Microgrid.
Interconnection standards needs to be developed to ensure
consistency. IEEE P1547, a standard proposed by Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers may end up filling
the void.
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18. Future Directions on Microgrid
Research
To investigate full-scale development, field demonstration,
experimental performance evaluation of frequency and voltage control
methods under various operation modes.
Transition between grid connected and islanded modes on interaction
phenomena between distribution generation and high penetration of
distributed generation.
Transformation of Microgrid system today into the intelligent,
robust energy delivery system in the future by providing
significant reliability and security benefits.
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19. References
 A. A. Salam, A. Mohamed and M. A. Hannan. "TECHNICAL CHALLENGES
ON MICROGRIDS" (DECEMBER 2008)
http://www.arpnjournals.com/jeas/research_papers/rp_2008/jeas_1208_146.pdf
 S. Abu-Sharkha, R.J. Arnolde, J. Kohlerd, R. Lia, T. Markvarta, J.N. Rossb, K.
Steemersc, P. Wilsonb, R. Yaoc. "Can microgrids make a major contribution to
UK energy supply?" (September 2004)
http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11276/1/Microgrids.pdf
 John Stevens. "Characterization of Microgrids in the United States", Sandia
National Laboratories (January 2005)
http://www.electricdistribution.ctc.com/pdfs/RDC_Microgrid_Whitepaper_1-7-05.pdf
 Robert H. Lasseter, Paolo Piagi. "Microgrid: A Conceptual Solution",
University of Wisconsin-Madison (June 2004)
http://www.pserc.wisc.edu/ecow/get/publicatio/2004public/lasseterpesc04us.pdf
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20. References
 "Integration of Distributed Energy Resources - The CERTS MicroGrid
Concept", Consultant Report (October 2003)
http://www.pserc.org/cgi-
pserc/getbig/researchdo/certsdocum0/certspubli/certsmicrogridwhitepaper.pdf
 "Why the Microgrid Could Be the Answer to Our Energy Crisis"
http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/137/beyond-the-grid.html
 "How a Microgrid Works"
http://science.howstuffworks.com/microgrid.htm
 “The Rise of MicroGrid Power Networks"
http://www.sustainablefacility.com/Articles/Feature_Article/58905d08bd629010VgnVC
M100000f932a8c0____
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