The document provides an overview of microgrids, small-scale power networks designed to offer local energy solutions, outlining their operating modes, need, and advantages over conventional grids. It discusses interconnected microgrids, environmental benefits, and future research directions needed to enhance efficiency and reliability. Additionally, it addresses both the advantages and disadvantages of microgrids, emphasizing their role in addressing energy crises and reducing emissions.

1. TECHNICAL SEMINAR
Topic : Microgrid
Made by
PEDIREDLA SANJAY KUMAR
18981A0241
UNDER THE GUIDANCE
OF
Dr. T.SATYANARAYANA
(Assistant Professor)

2. Outline
 Introduction to Microgrid.
 Microgrid Operating Modes.
 The Need of Microgrid.
 Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks.
 Environmental Aspects.
 Conventional Grid versus Microgrid.
 Advantages & Disadvantagesof Microgrid.
 Future Directions on Microgrid Research.
 References.

3. Introduction To Microgrid
 Microgrid Components
 Distributed Generation
 Loads
 Immediatestorage
 Controller
 Point of Common Coupling

4. Introduction To Microgrid
 What is Microgrid?
 It isasmall-scale power supply network that is designed
to provide power fora small community.
 Itenables local powergeneration for local loads.
 Itcomprises of varioussmall powergenerating sources
that makes it highly f lexibleand efficient.

5. Introduction To Microgrid
 What is Microgrid?
 It isconnected to both the local generating unitsand the
utilitygrid thus preventing poweroutages.
 Excess powercan be sold to the utilitygrid.
 Sizeof the Microgrid may range from housing estate to
municipal regions.

6. 8/25/2009
Typical Microgrid is shown below:

7. 8/25/2009
Pomelo, Indonesia - Village microgrid

8. Microgrid Operating Modes
 Grid Connected Mode:
 Utilitygrid is active.
 Static switch is closed
 All the feeders are being
supplied by utility grid.

9. Microgrid Operating Modes
 Island Mode:
 Utilitygrid is not supplying power
 Static switch is open.
 Feeder A, B, C are being supplied
by Microsources.
 Feeder D (not sensitive )
isdead.

10. Interconnected Microgrids
Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks
 Practical sizeof Microgrids is limited toa few MVA.
 For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect many
Microgrids to form a larger Microgrid network called
Power Parks.
 Theadvantages of this Microgrid structure insures
greaterstabilityand controllability forthe Power Parks.

11. Environmental Aspects
 Microgrid encourages the useof the renewable energy
sources.
 Large land use impactsare avoided.
 CO2 Emissionsare reduced.

12. Future Directions on Microgrid
Research
 To investigate full-scale development, field demonstration,
experimental performance evaluation of frequency and voltage control
methods under various operation modes.
 Transition between grid connected and islanded modes on interaction
phenomena between distribution generation and high penetration of
distributed generation.
 Transformation of Microgrid system today into the intelligent,
robust energy delivery system in the future by providing
significant reliability and security benefits.

13. The Need Of Microgrid
10
 Microgrid could be theanswer to ourenergycrisis.
 Transmission losses gets highly reduced.
 Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts
emissions without majorchanges to lifestyles.
 Provide highqualityand reliableenergy supply to
critical loads

14. Conventional Grid vs. Microgrid
 Efficiencyof conventional grid isvery low as compared
to Microgrid.
 Large amount of energy in the form of heat is wasted in
conventional grid.
 Power sources in case of Microgrid (often referred toas
Microsources) are small and are located in close
proximityto load.

15. Advantages & Disadvantages
 Microgrid Advantages
 A majoradvantageof a Microgrid, is itsability, during a utility
grid disturbance, to separateand isolate itself from the utility
seamlesslywith littleor nodisruption to the loads within the
Microgrid.
 In peak load periods it prevents utilitygrid failure by
reducing the load on thegrid.
 Significantenvironmental benefits made possible by the use
of low orzeroemissiongenerators.

16. Advantages & Disadvantages
 Microgrid Advantages
 The useof both electricityand heat permitted by the
close proximityof thegenerator to the user, thereby
increasing theoverall energyefficiency.
 Microgrid can act to mitigate theelectricitycosts to its
users by generating some orall of its electricity needs.

17. Advantages & Disadvantages
 Microgrid Disadvantages
 Voltage, frequencyand powerqualityare three main
parametersthat must beconsidered and controlled to
acceptable standardswhilst the powerand energy balance is
maintained.
 Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery banks thus
requiring morespaceand maintenance.
 Resynchronizationwith the utilitygrid is difficult.

18. References
 A. A. Salam, A. Mohamed and M. A. Hannan. "TECHNICAL CHALLENGES
ON MICROGRIDS" (DECEMBER 2008)
http://www.arpnjournals.com/jeas/research_papers/rp_2008/jeas_1208_146.pdf
 S. Abu-Sharkha, R.J. Arnolde, J. Kohlerd, R. Lia, T. Markvarta, J.N. Rossb, K.
Steemersc, P. Wilsonb, R. Yaoc. "Can microgrids make a majorcontribution to
UK energysupply?" (September 2004)
http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11276/1/Microgrids.pdf
 John Stevens. "Characterization of Microgrids in the United States", Sandia
National Laboratories (January 2005)
http://www.electricdistribution.ctc.com/pdfs/RDC_Microgrid_Whitepaper_1-7-05.pdf
 Robert H. Lasseter, Paolo Piagi. "Microgrid: A Conceptual Solution", University
of Wisconsin-Madison (June 2004)
http://www.pserc.wisc.edu/ecow/get/publicatio/2004public/lasseterpesc04us.pdf

19. Thank You