This slide is for transmission and distribution system for the hill-tract area with microgrid.

1. Presented By: Md. Faishal Rahaman
Dept. of EEE ,Southern University Bangladesh

2. Objectives
• To learn about Microgrid
• Distinguish between main grid and microgrid
• Benefits of Microgrid
• To transmit electricity in Hill tract area
• Advantages of Micro grid
• Effects of Micro grid
Dept. of EEE ,Southern University Bangladesh

3. •Microgrid
•Microgrid Trends
•Difference Between Maingrid and Microgrid
•Microgrid in Hill tract area
•Sources of Microgrid
•Process of Microgrid system
•Effects of Microgrid in Hilltract area
O U T L I N E
Dept. of EEE ,Southern University Bangladesh

4. Micro Grid
A Micro grid is a discrete
energy system consisting
of distributed energy
sources (including demand
, storage and generation)
and loads capable of
operating in parallel with
or independently from the
main power grid.
Dept. of EEE ,Southern University Bangladesh

5. Micro Grid
• Basically a small-scale version
of a traditional power grid, a
microgrid draws energy from
clean sources such as wind and
solar power, as well as from
conventional technology. A
microgrid can be connected to a
larger electric grid, but can also
work independently. In our
country power generation is
produced from several key
sources like fuel cell and a Cole
plant. These assets are
integrated with energy storage
and the sophisticated software
that controls it all

6. Microgrid Trends
• The number of installed microgrids is small, but it's growing in many regions around the
world. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that to achieve its goal of
universal access to electricity, "70% of the rural areas that currently lack access will need
to be connected using mini-grid or off-grid solutions."
Microgrid projects are driven by factors that can be very different from one deployment
to another. Some key drivers include:
• Need for electrification in remote locations and developing countries
• Customer need for more reliable, resilient, and sustainable service
• Grid security and survivability concerns
• Utility needs for grid optimization, investment deferral, congestion relief, and ancillary
services
• Demand for lower-cost energy supplies than are locally available (especially at remote
sites, such as islands, military or mineral/resource installations, and isolated communities
relying on expensive, high-polluting fuels)
• Environmental, efficiency, and renewable energy benefits
Dept. of EEE ,Southern University Bangladesh

7. Difference Between Maingrid and Microgrid
Factors Maingrid Microgrid
Type of Transmission It generally in AC transmission
system
It produce and transmit DC
current and it has dc
transmission system.
Capacitance/Inductance effect It has capacitance/inductance
effect
There is no effects of capacitor
and inductor in DC
transmission
Skin effect It has skin effect It has no skin effects.
Voltage step up in
Transmission line
It can step up and step down
its voltages
It cannot be steeped up or
stepped down for transmission
of power at high voltages.
Dept. of EEE ,Southern University Bangladesh

8. Microgrid in Hill tract area
• Microgrid has a grate scope to develop in
the hill tract area. People of the hill tract
area will get electricity, good
communication system, good education
system by it.
• It is a sub grid system that will work with
the main grid line. The place where the
grid line can’t reach, the microgrid will
reach there.
• It can develop its electrical power from
solar system, flow of wind and other
renewable energy.
• It will not hamper the nature , not hamper
the lifestyle of the people but also develop
their life style.
Dept. of EEE ,Southern University Bangladesh

9. Sources of Microgrid
• Ramping: Traditionally microgrid use diesel generator to develop
electrical power which called ramping. But it has some disadvantages
like
a)Consume more fuel.
b)Increases transportation cost.
c)Increases maintenance cost.
d)Leads to high carbon emissions to the environment.
• but now it can develop by other renewable energy such as wind and
solar system.
Dept. of EEE ,Southern University Bangladesh

10. Sources of Microgrid(Renewable)
Solar System:
• Now a days solar system is more popular
among us. We can generate electricity by using
solar ray. In microgrid system we can make an
another grid line to generate electrical power.
At it's simplest, solar energy is the light
produced by the Sun. Sunlight is a form of
radiant energy that travels to the earth as
electromagnetic waves.
• In reality, the light we see is just a small part of
the energy we receive from the Sun. The
radiant energy from the Sun covers the full
breadth of the electromagnetic spectrum.
• Using solar technology, we are able to
"capture" the Sun's radiant energy and convert
it to either heat or electricity.
Wind Turbines:
• Wind turbines operate on a
simple principle. The energy in
the wind turns two or three
propeller-like blades around a
rotor. The rotor is connected to
the main shaft, which spins a
generator to create electricity.
Dept. of EEE ,Southern University Bangladesh

11. Process of Microgrid system
• Traditionally Microgrid use diesel generator to
produce electricity as parallel to maingrid. In
this process a diesel generator run with fuel
and generate electricity . The produced
electricity transmit to the consumer.
• In Wind Turbine , the armature rotates with
the forces of winds and produce electricity. It
is a renewable process of producing
electricity. It works in DC system, and it needs
to store its power and the transmit it to the
consumer.
• Now a days we are much familiar with Solar
system. It is another renewable source of
Microgrid. Here the solar array convert light
energy to the electrical energy. Then it stored
in a battery storage . It works like as wind
turbine in DC system.
Dept. of EEE ,Southern University Bangladesh

12. Advantages of Microgrid
• Microgrid produce
electricity ,so the produced
electricity can be used in
our main grid.
• It works in renewable part,
it means it produce
electricity from renewable
energy so it don’t use any
fuels or coal.
• it don’t leads high carbon
emissions to the
environment. Dept. of EEE ,Southern University Bangladesh

13. Disadvantages of Microgrid
Solar System:
• It depends on sunlight, but at Rainy
season we don’t get enough
sunlight. Then the system can’t
develop enough electricity.
• A solar array plate can produce a
small amount of electricity . For
producing large amount of
electricity , the system needs huge
lands .
• It works in dc system, where the
plant of dc system is so costly.
Wind Turbines:
• It is a mechanical process of
making electricity by using air
pressure.
• The air pressure are not same at
different season, so the generated
power will vary .
• It should be stable at large and
strongest land.
• At high air pressure , the system
create earthquake across the area.
So , it disturbs people.
Dept. of EEE ,Southern University Bangladesh

14. Effects of Microgrid in Hill tract area
• It is a sub power generation system, so it
will not effects on the main grid system but
also we can give the electricity to hill tract
area.
• It is in DC system, so there will be no
transmission and distribution loss in it.
• By microgrid the people will get electricity
.
• Electricity is an another root to get good
education, medicare and proper
communication process.
• It can change their lifestyle and change
their process of living.
• We know that education is one of the
common right in our country. So it will help
to give proper education to the Childs in
hill tract area
Dept. of EEE ,Southern University Bangladesh

15. Dept. of EEE ,Southern University Bangladesh