This document describes a smart microgrid project called "Inferno" created by students from Dayalbagh Educational Institute in Agra, India. The smart microgrid prototype remotely monitors and controls two power stations with various loads through a website and Android app. It integrates solar and grid power sources and uses smart meters, PLC controllers, and IoT technologies to optimize energy usage. The system provides features like remote load monitoring and switching, variable speed motor control, power factor correction, and power transfer between stations during outages. The smart microgrid aims to reduce energy costs, improve reliability, and demonstrate innovative energy management solutions.

1. Smart Microgrid
Team Name-Inferno
College Name - Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra
Participants Name-
• Rishabh Banerjee(c)
• Prem Kumar
• Rahul Chugh
• Mohit Gupta
Faculty Advisor
• Prof. D.Bhagwan Das

2. Concept of Smart Microgrid
The word ‘Energy’ has gained much importance in the last few years. Everywhere
people talk about conserving energy. Microgrids are the place where electrical
energy in different forms is generated.
Much of electrical energy is consumed in the industries. So the
industries must use electrical energy intelligently and judiciously. This can be
achieved by integrating all energy sources and remotely monitor and control all the
electricity flowing in the system. In other words making the Microgrid smart.
A Smart Microgrid must do the following:-
• It must sense and monitor the loads.
• It must be able to communicate.
• It must be able to control loads by efficient switching between sources.
• In case of shutdown ,power can be imported from other stations.

3. Proposal and Innovation
In our prototype, we present a scenario of integration of renewable energy sources and grid to optimize the
energy flowing in the system. If a load can be monitored and controlled by remote end, problems and issues of
many years can be resolved. There will be no need of manual operation for switching sources on the load and
fault detection might become easier.
If this is realized in practice, industries, homes, universities, govt. buildings, high load centers etc at a small scale,
then collectively it contributes greatly in optimizing energy usage.
Hence Smart Microgrid is the need of today’s energy crisis.
Internet of Things –
Every load parameter can be monitored and communicated via Smart Energy Meters and hence they are
controllable from a far off place.
• Interfacing through web based solutions.
• Android app interfacing is also provided.
• Indication of overall operational data (Load parameters, fault occurrence, source switching etc.) through email

4. Actual System Design
We basically intend to present the prototype of the actual setup of a Smart Microgrid.
We have two modes of operation-
• 1-Remote Access through Website or Android app.
• 2-Manual Input through Human Machine Interface(HMI).
Power Supply- We have considered here two power sources.
(i)-Main Grid
(ii)-Solar power
An uninterrupted power supply coming from battery bank is considered for providing power to
components required for remote access such as PLC, HMI, Energy Meters, Router etc.

5. In our model we have shown two stations -1 and 2, each having two loads.
Station 1 has two loads-
• Water Pump and power factor improvement arrangement.- Load 1
• Bulbs connected in parallel - Load 2
Station 2 has two loads-
• A three phase induction motor with Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)- Load 3
• A section for transmitting power to Station 1.- Load 4
All the loads can be monitored and controlled by a central controller PLC in two modes- Remote Access mode
and Manual Input mode.
Remote Access Mode-
• We have developed a Website and an Android app as the FRONT END for the user (authorized person).
• PLC is the BACKEND controller of all user actions.
Manual Input Mode-
• We have HMI control at the operator level as the FRONT END.
• PLC is again the BACKEND controller of all operator actions.

6. In the Remote Access mode, we have the following features-
• We have a LAN network spread all over the microgrid.
• We have developed a client based server which has website and android app as its FRONT END.
• The server in turn communicates with the PLC using Socket Communication (TCP/IP protocol).
• The load parameters are continuously monitored using the Smart Energy Meters installed at each load.
The data of Energy meters is transferred to the server on the request of the client. This data includes
Voltage, Load current, Load power factor, Energy consumed in Kwh etc. This is done via Modbus
protocol in RS485 electrical standard.
The control of switching between the two sources Solar and Grid is provided by the contactors installed at
each load. The contactors are shown by DPDT relays in the prototype.
There is also a provision for feedback of the switching action. The PLC senses the feedback through the
relay on its input pin.
An important concept depicting power transfer in case of power failure or line faults is also included in the
prototype. If there is power failure at Station 1 and there is excess solar power or grid power at Station 2
which is observed by the remote user, then we can export power from Station 2 to Station 1.

7. • Mostly induction motors are used in industry. We have shown an arrangement of three phase
induction motor speed control by Variable frequency drive at load 3. Arrangement for variation
in load torque and the feedback of motor rpm is also included in the design. The VFD
communicates with the PLC over Modbus protocol in RS 485 electrical standard.
• Power factor improvement is another big issue for an industry. This issue is also remotely
resolved by placing capacitor bank in parallel with the inductive load whenever the power factor
goes low. This is shown at load 1.
Manual Input Mode-
This mode is an alternative to the remote access mode. This control is positioned at the site itself.
This is useful for the operator who works at the site. All the connections are same as that of the
remote mode except that instead of remote access we need to provide input on the Human
Machine Interface (HMI) touch display.
Safety and Security Measures-
• We have a MCB installed in the main power supply and in the supply line of VFD.
• We have a buzzer at Station 1 for notifying that there is some fault in the supply of station 1.
• For security purposes in the Remote Access mode, only authorized client ‘s(mobile app or
website) ip address will be accepted else the connection will be discarded.

8. Process flow diagram of the System

9. Justification to the theme.
• The smart micro grid is capable of controlling and monitoring its systems parts
from a remote location (IOT). The visible management of the power usage
through smart meters and introduction of the renewable energy source(Solar)
make the smart micro grid system capable of reducing and managing the power
usage. The system also improves the power factor of the loads thus providing a
relief to its customers to save energy and their bills.
• The system is capable of transferring power from one generation unit to another
in case of power failure or malfunction of one system. Thus providing its users
with an uninterrupted power supply in case of emergency.
• Thus the smart micro grid system stands on the concept of “Eco imagination
through Smart Manufacturing”. The system provides a means to “Measure,
Visualise, Reduce and Manage” Energy usage in an organisation.

10. Conclusion
The Smart MicroGrid will consist of hundreds of pieces and parts—controls,
computers, power lines, and new technologies and equipment. It will take
some time for all the technologies to be implemented, equipment installed,
and systems tested before it is actually on ground on a large scale.
It must first be tested on small scale to check its viability. As for example our
university, Dayalbagh University, Agra has already implemented this concept.
The University is producing its own solar power and Remote Monitoring and
Control has been successful in one of its faculties and the rest are under
process.
It won’t happen all at once—the Smart micro Grid is evolving, piece by
piece, over the next decade or so. Once it is completely operational, the
Smart MicroGrid will likely bring the same kind of transformation that the
Internet has already brought to the way we live, work, play, and learn.