The document provides an introduction to microgrids, highlighting their role as small-scale power networks that enable local power generation and enhance energy reliability. It discusses the operational modes, advantages, disadvantages, and environmental benefits of microgrids compared to conventional grids. Future directions for research in microgrid technology are also outlined, emphasizing improvements in reliability and energy delivery systems.

1. Introduction To Microgrid8/25/20091

2. OutlineIntroduction to Microgrid.Microgrid Operating Modes.The Need of Microgrid.Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks.Environmental Aspects.Conventional Grid versus Microgrid.Advantages & Disadvantages of Microgrid.Future Directions on Microgrid Research.References.8/25/20092

3. Introduction To MicrogridWhat is Microgrid? Itis a small-scale power supply network that is designed to provide power for a small community.It enables local power generation for local loads.It comprises of various small power generating sources that makes it highly flexible and efficient.8/25/20093

4. Introduction To MicrogridWhat is Microgrid? It is connected to both the local generating units and the utility grid thus preventing power outages.Excess power can be sold to the utility grid.Size of the Microgrid may range from housing estate to municipal regions.8/25/20094

5. Introduction To MicrogridMicrogrid Components Distributed GenerationLoadsImmediate storageControllerPoint of Common Coupling 8/25/20095

6. 8/25/20096Typical Microgrid is shown below:

7. 8/25/20097Pomelo, Indonesia - Village microgrid

8. Microgrid Operating ModesGrid Connected Mode:Utility grid is active.Static switch is closedAll the feeders are being supplied by utility grid.8/25/20098

9. Microgrid Operating ModesIsland Mode:Utility grid is not supplying powerStatic switch is open.Feeder A, B, C are being supplied by Microsources.Feeder D (not sensitive ) is dead. 8/25/20099

10. The Need Of MicrogridMicrogrid could be the answer to our energy crisis.Transmission losses gets highly reduced.Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts emissions without major changes to lifestyles.Provide high quality and reliable energy supply to critical loads8/25/200910

11. Interconnected Microgrids Interconnected Microgrids – Power ParksPractical size of Microgrids is limited to a few MVA. For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect many Microgrids to form a larger Microgrid network called Power Parks.The advantages of this Microgrid structure insures greater stability and controllability for the Power Parks. 8/25/200911

12. Environmental AspectsMicrogrid encourages the use of the renewable energy sources.Large land use impacts are avoided.CO2 Emissions are reduced.8/25/200912

13. Conventional Grid vs. MicrogridEfficiency of conventional grid is very low as compared to Microgrid.Large amount of energy in the form of heat is wasted in conventional grid.Power sources in case of Microgrid (often referred to as Microsources) are small and are located in close proximity to load.8/25/200913

14. Advantages & Disadvantages Microgrid AdvantagesA major advantage of a Microgrid, is its ability, during a utility grid disturbance, to separate and isolate itself from the utility seamlessly with little or no disruption to the loads within the Microgrid.In peak load periods it prevents utility grid failure by reducing the load on the grid.Significant environmental benefits made possible by the use of low or zero emission generators. 8/25/200914

15. Advantages & DisadvantagesMicrogrid AdvantagesThe use of both electricity and heat permitted by the close proximity of the generator to the user, thereby increasing the overall energy efficiency.Microgrid can act to mitigate the electricity costs to its users by generating some or all of its electricity needs.8/25/200915

16. Advantages & DisadvantagesMicrogrid DisadvantagesVoltage, frequency and power quality are three main parameters that must be considered and controlled to acceptable standards whilst the power and energy balance is maintained.Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery banks thus requiring more space and maintenance.Resynchronization with the utility grid is difficult.8/25/200916

17. Advantages & DisadvantagesMicrogrid DisadvantagesMicrogrid protection is one of the most important challenges facing the implementation of Microgrids.Issues such as standby charges and net metering may pose obstacles for Microgrid.Interconnection standards needs to be developed to ensure consistency. IEEE P1547, a standard proposed by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers may end up filling the void.8/25/200917

18. Future Directions on Microgrid ResearchTo investigate full-scale development, field demonstration, experimental performance evaluation of frequency and voltage control methods under various operation modes.Transition between grid connected and islanded modes on interaction phenomena between distribution generation and high penetration of distributed generation.Transformation of Microgrid system today into the intelligent, robust energy delivery system in the future by providing significant reliability and security benefits. 8/25/200918

19. ReferencesA. A. Salam, A. Mohamed and M. A. Hannan. "TECHNICAL CHALLENGES ON MICROGRIDS" (DECEMBER 2008)http://www.arpnjournals.com/jeas/research_papers/rp_2008/jeas_1208_146.pdfS. Abu-Sharkha, R.J. Arnolde, J. Kohlerd, R. Lia, T. Markvarta, J.N. Rossb, K. Steemersc, P. Wilsonb, R. Yaoc. "Can microgrids make a major contribution to UK energy supply?" (September 2004)http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11276/1/Microgrids.pdfJohn Stevens. "Characterization of Microgrids in the United States", Sandia National Laboratories (January 2005)http://www.electricdistribution.ctc.com/pdfs/RDC_Microgrid_Whitepaper_1-7-05.pdfRobert H. Lasseter, Paolo Piagi. "Microgrid: A Conceptual Solution", University of Wisconsin-Madison (June 2004)http://www.pserc.wisc.edu/ecow/get/publicatio/2004public/lasseterpesc04us.pdf8/25/200919

20. References"Integration of Distributed Energy Resources - The CERTS MicroGrid Concept", Consultant Report (October 2003)http://www.pserc.org/cgi-pserc/getbig/researchdo/certsdocum0/certspubli/certsmicrogridwhitepaper.pdf"Why the Microgrid Could Be the Answer to Our Energy Crisis"http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/137/beyond-the-grid.html"How a Microgrid Works"http://science.howstuffworks.com/microgrid.htm“The Rise of MicroGrid Power Networks"http://www.sustainablefacility.com/Articles/Feature_Article/58905d08bd629010VgnVCM100000f932a8c0____8/25/200920

21. Thank You8/25/200921

22. Queries?8/25/200922