This document presents an overview of microgrids. It begins with an introduction that defines a microgrid as a small-scale power supply network designed to provide power for a small community using various small power generating sources. It then discusses the need for microgrids due to issues with the centralized grid like transmission losses and high costs. The document outlines the typical structure of a microgrid including the power generation modes like solar, wind, fuel cells. It describes the grid-connected and island operating modes and provides examples of different types of microgrids. In conclusion, the document states that microgrids have the potential to improve reliability and encourage renewable energy use.

1. MICRO-GRID
PRESENTED BY- ADITYA . C . BURHADE
A Seminar Presentation on

2. OUTLINE
 Introduction To Micro-grid.
 Need Of Micro-Grid.
 Microgrid structure.
 Mode Of Power Generation.
 Mode Of Operation.
 Micro-Grid Example.
 Advantages & Disadvantages of Micro-Grid.
 Expected Micro-Grid Features.
 Conclusion
 References.

3. INTRODUCTION TO MICRO-GRID.
 What is Microgrid?
 It is a small-scale power supply network that is
designed to provide power for a small
community.
 It comprises of various small power generating
sources that makes it highly flexible and efficient
 It is connected to both the local generating units
and the utility grid thus preventing power
outages.
 Excess power can be sold to the utility grid.
 Size of the Microgrid may range from housing

4.  The centralized transmission grid system is
definitely the backbone of the electricity
distribution system ,but has its drawbacks
 The energy loss is almost 8-10%.
 There are high investment costs in transmission
lines, step-up and step-down transformers.
 Grid management is a constantly juggling act
where it balances the generation and the
demand over a wide geographic area.
Draw Backs Of Conventional Grid

5. THE NEED OF MICROGRID
 Microgrid could be the answer to our energy
crisis.
 Transmission losses gets highly reduced.
 Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts
emissions without major changes to lifestyles.
 Provide high quality and reliable energy supply
to critical loads

6. MICRO GRID STRUCTURE

7. MODES OF POWER GENERATION.
 Small wind turbine
 Fuel Cell
 Gas Turbine
 Photovoltaic Cells
 CHP

8. MICROGRID OPERATING MODES
 Grid Connected Mode:
 Utility grid is active.
 Static switch is closed
 All the feeders are being
supplied by utility grid.

9. MICROGRID OPERATING MODES
 Island Mode:
 Utility grid is not supplying
Power.
 Static switch is open.
 Feeder A, B, C are being
Supplied by Microsources.
 Feeder D (not sensitive )
is dead.

10. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
 Microgrid Advantages
 In a peak load it prevents utility grid failure by
reducing the load on grid.
 Large land use impacts are avoided.
 Microgrid encoureges the use of the renewable
energy sources.
 CO2 Emissions are reduced.
 Efficiency is more.

11. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
 Microgrid Disadvantages
 Voltage, frequency and power quality are three
main parameters that must be considered and
controlled to acceptable standards whilst the
power and energy balance is maintained.
 Microgrid protection is one of the most important
challenges facing the implementation of
Microgrids.
 Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery
banks thus requiring more space and
maintenance.

12. MICRO GRID EXAMPLES
 Institutional/campus microgrids:

13. MICRO GRID EXAMPLES
 Industrial microgrid

14. MICRO GRID EXAMPLES
 Utility microgrid

15. MICRO GRID EXAMPLES
 Off-grid and island micro grid

16. EXPECTED MICRO GRID FEATURES
 Autonomy
 Stability
 Compatibility
 Flexibility
 Scalability
 Efficiency
 Economics

17. CONCLUSION
 Micro-grid, a new area in the power sector, has
immense potential to reduce the effect of
blackouts, power deficiencies and its autonomy
helps to supply power uninteruptly to the
customers.
 Its implementation requires restructuring of
electrical standards, market rules and govt. grants,
which are not a big issue but need some time.
 This revolution has a great effect, because still
there are some places where electricity has not
been reached yet and for them micro-grid is the
only affordable, sustainable and reliable option.

18. REFERANCES
 [1] Microgrids Research Assessment – Final Report, May
2006 – Navigant Consulting for US Department
 of Energy and Energy Commission of the State of California
 [2] Microgrids – Islanded Power Grids and Distributed
Generation for Community, Commercial.
 [3] The Smart Grid in 2010: Market Segments, Applications
and Industry Players – David J. Leeds, GTM
 Research – July 2009
 [4] Integration of Distributed Energy Resources – The
CERTS Micro Grid Concept, October 2003.
 [5] Control and Design of Microgrid Components – Power
Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC),

19. ANY QUESTIONS ?
Thank You
!