The document presents a study on developing a simulation model of a DC micro-grid in MATLAB for a remote rural application. A DC micro-grid is defined as a small scale power supply network designed to provide power for small communities through local power generation and storage. It can operate in grid-connected, stand-alone, or grid-interactive modes. The study involves simulating an off-grid DC micro-grid system powered by PV panels and batteries to meet the power demands of various DC loads in the community. Component specifications and sizing calculations are presented to demonstrate the technical feasibility and benefits of the system.

1. PRESENTED BY :
Ahmad Umair Hashmi
13EEB442
Dept. of Electrical
Engineering AMU Aligarh
UP INDIA 1

2.  Comprehensive study of micro-grid systems.
 Develop a simulation model of DC micro-grid in
MATLAB software.
 Develop a DC micro-grid for remote rural application.
2

3.  It is a small scale power
supply network that is
designed to provide power
for small community.
 It enables local power
generation for local loads.
 It is connected to both the
local generating units and the
utility grid thus preventing
power outages .
3

4. 1. Grid connected mode.
2. Stand alone mode.
3. Grid interactive mode.
4

5.  Good utilisation of existing solar energy through PV
panels , having output in DC.
 There is significant amount of reduction in energy losses.
 Storage system can also be easily coupled with DC
network.
 Enhances the integration of renewable energy sources.
 Supports the macro-grid .
5

6. 6
DC POWER
SOURCES
DC ENERGY
STORAGE
SYSTEMS
DC LOADS
CONTROL
SYSTEM

7. 1.Unregulated stand alone system with DC loads:
2.Regulated Stand-alone System with DC loads:
3.Regulated Stand-alone System with battery and DC loads:
7
PV
ARRAY
DC LOAD
DC LOAD
PV
ARRAY
POWER ELECTRONICS
+
ELECTRONIC REGULATOR
POWER ELECTRONICS
+
ELECTRONIC REGULATOR
DC LOAD
PV
ARRAY
BATTERY

8. 1.PV SOLAR
2.FUEL CELLS
8

9. 1. BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE.
2.SUPERCAPACITORS.
9
supercapacitor

10. 10
DC LOAD
BATTERY
CONTROLLER
MPPT

11. 11

12. APPLIANCES QUANTITY POWER
(WATT)
LED BULB 3 10
DC FAN 2 12
CHARGING POINT 1 20
DC TELEVISION
SET
1 36
STREET LIGHT 1 20
12

13. APPLIANCES WORKING
HOURS
ENERGY
CONSUMED (W-hr)
DAY NIGHT DAY NIGHT
LED BULB - 4 0 120
DC FAN 6 8 144 192
CHARGING POINT 2 2 40 40
DC TELEVISION SET 3 3 108 108
STREET LIGHT - 10 - 200
13
TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMED 292 660

14. ASSUMPTIONS :
1.System losses = 30% .
2.Panel generation factor =4.71.
Size of PV array =
=
If we have PV module of 250Wp , then number of
module required =
14
factorgenerationPanel
1.3*generatedbeenergy to
pW262.76
71.4
3.1*)660292(


1.05
250
262.76


15. ASSUMPTIONS
1. Efficiency of battery = 85% .
2. Depth of discharging =60%.
3. Days of autonomy = 1.
Hence, battery size =
15
Ah150
.85*.6*)volt12(
hr)-1W*952(


16. o Boost converter is designed for the appliances whose voltage
ratings are higher than 12V .
Determination of duty cycle for
Assuming voltage ripple of 1% .
16
mH
f
DD
L
V
V
D
VV
R
S
O
O
48
2
)1(
6.01
30
2^min 






F
V
V
fR
D
C 60
)(**




17. 17

18. COMPONENT SPECIFICATIONS NUMBER OF UNITS
REQUIRED
PV PANEL 250WP ,EFFICIENCY =90% 6
BATTERY 12 V ,150Ah 6
CHARGE
CONTROLLER
12v ,5/10A 1
18

19. 1.It would be highly cost effective.
2.The power losses in conventional systems (dc to ac )
is eliminated.
3.Supports emergency operations.
4.Environment friendly.
5.Improve reliability and power quality.
19

20. 20

21. 21

22. 22

23. DC micro-grid use will continue to increase with the
world becoming energy conscious and it will be
interesting to see where this technology can go, even in
just the next 10 years. The key is to make DC micro-
grids a widespread reality in world and is to continue
the discussion and focus on the long term goal of
utilizing the renewable energy resources that society
has.
23

24. [1] Hossein Lotfi and Amin Khodaei, “AC Versus DC Micro-grid Planning”,
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 8, NO. 1, JANUARY
2017.
[2] Dong Chen and Lie Xu, “AC and DC Microgrid with Distributed Energy
Resources”, Protection of low voltage dc microgrids. IEEE Trans Power Del
24(3):1045–1053.
[3] Girish Makarabbi, Kunal Lohia, RakeshBabu Panguloori, and PriyaRanjan
Mishra, “Solid State Protection for Appliances in 220V DC Home Distribution
System”, 2014 International Conference on Advances in Green Energy
(ICAGE) | 17-18 December 2014 | Trivandrum.
[4] Girish Makarabbi,Vinay Gavade, RakeshBabu Panguloori, and PriyaRanjan
Mishra, “Compatibility and Performance Study of Home Appliances in a DC
Home Distribution System”, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Power
Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES).
24

25. 25
[5] Brian T. Patterson, “DC,Come Home” IEEE Power and
energy magazine”, November/December 2012.
[6] Paul Savage, Robert R. Nordhaus, and Sean P.
Jamieson, “DC Microgrids: Benefits and Barriers”, Yale
school of forestry & environmental studies.
[7] Askari Mohammad Bagher, Mirzaei Mahmoud Abadi
Vahid, Mirhabibi Mohsen,“Types of Solar Cells and
Application”, American Journal of Optics and Photonics.
[8] Naoki AyAi, Toshiya HisAdA, Toshikazu sHibATA,
Hidekazu MiyosHi, Takashi iwAsAki and ken-ichi
kiTAyAMA, “DC Micro Grid System”,pp 132-137.