This presentation provides an overview of DC microgrids. It discusses the components of microgrids including distributed generation sources, loads, storage devices, and controllers. It describes the operating modes of microgrids as being either grid-connected or island mode. The presentation outlines the need for microgrids to provide backup power and enhance grid stability and resilience while being more efficient and environmentally friendly than conventional grids. It notes advantages such as improved reliability but also challenges involving battery storage and synchronization.

1. Presentation on
DC Microgrid
of
Master of Technology
in
Power System Engineering
By:
PRABHAT KUMAR
Reg. No.-2021PGEEPS13
Under the Guidance of:
Prof. NIRANJAN KUMAR
(Assistant Professor)
NIT JAMSHEDPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

2. Outline:
 Introduction to DC Microgrid
 Components of Microgrid
 Operating Modes of Microgrid
 Need of Microgrid
 Environmental Aspects
 Conventional grid vs. Microgrid
 Advantages of Microgrid
 Disadvantages of Microgrid

3. Introduction to DC Microgrid:
 What is Microgrid ?
• A Microgrid is a scaled-down version of the
centralized power system. It can generate,
distribute and control power in a small
community.
• It enables local power generation for local
loads.
• It comprises of various small power generating
sources that makes it flexible and efficient.
Fig: Structure of DC Microgrid

4. Components of Microgrid:
 Distributed Generation
• Renewable (Solar, Wind, Hydro,….)
• Utility and Generator
 Loads
• Constant / Intermittent
• 110V ac, 220V ac, 3 Phase,....
 Storage Devices
• Battery, Fuel cells, Capacitors,….
• Fly-wheels, Hydro….
 Controller
• Load levelling, Charge control, Power point
tracking
 Point of Common Coupling
• AC/DC converter

5. Operating Modes Microgrid:
 Grid connected mode
• Utility grid is active
• Static switch is closed
• All the feeders are being supplied by
utility grid
 Island mode
• Utility grid is not supplying power
• Static switch is open
• Feeder A, B, C are being supplied by
Micro sources
• Feeder D (not sensitive) is dead
Fig: Grid connected operation of Microgrid

6. Need Of Microgrid:
• Microgrid could be the assistance during energy crisis.
• It is flexible.
• The composition of Microgrid is diverse.
• It has the property of Controllability, Interactivity and
Independence.
• Microgrid enhance local resiliency and improve the
operation and stability of the regional electric grid.
• Microgrid does not only provide backup support but
also minimize the power cost.
• It is eco-friendly to our environment.

7. Interconnected Microgrids:
 Interconnected Microgrids - Power parks
• Practical size of Microgrids is limited to a few MVA.
• For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect many
Microgrids to form a larger Microgrid network called
power parks.
• The advantage of this Microgrid structure insures
greater stability and controllability for the power
parks.

8. Environmental Aspects:
• Microgrid encourages the use of Renewable sources.
• Large land use impacts are avoided.
• CO2 Emissions are reduced.
• Microgrids offer the opportunity to deploy more
zero-emission electricity sources, thereby reducing
greenhouse gas emission.

9. Conventional Grid Vs. Microgrid
• Efficiency of Conventional Microgrid is very
less as compared to Microgrid.
• Large amount of energy in the form of heat is
wasted in conventional grid which is absent in
Microgrid.
• Power sources in case of Microgrid (often
referred to as Micro sources) are small and are
located in close proximity to load.

10. Advantages of Microgrid:
 Microgrid provides backup for the grids in case of
emergencies.
 Provides efficient, low-cost, clean energy.
 Reduce grid “congestion” and peak loads.
 Improve the operation and stability of the regional
electric grid.
 A Microgrid improves Electric Reliability.
 A Microgrid enhances resilience.

11. Drawbacks of Microgrid:
 Electrical needs to be stored in Batteries which
require space and maintenance.
 Re-synchronization with the main grid can be a
problem.
 Issues such as standby charges as well as net
metering are obstacles for microgrids.

12. Future References on Microgrid Research:
 Transition between grid connected and islanded
modes on interaction phenomenon between
distribution generation and high penetration of
distributed generation.
 Transformation of Microgrid system today into the
intelligent, robust energy delivery system in the
future by providing significant reliability and
security benefits.
 To investigate full scale development, field
demonstration experimental performance evaluation
of frequency and voltage control methods under
various operation modes.

13. THANKS