The document summarizes a seminar presentation on microgrids. It begins with an introduction to microgrids, including their operating modes, components, and advantages over conventional grids. It then discusses the need for microgrids and their potential to reduce emissions and transmission losses. The presentation describes interconnected microgrids called "power parks" and the environmental benefits of microgrids. It outlines the advantages of microgrids in providing reliable power and reducing utility loads, as well as their challenges involving voltage regulation and resynchronization. Finally, it discusses future research directions on microgrid control methods and developing microgrids into intelligent energy delivery systems.

1. A
SEMINAR PRESENTATION
on
MICRO SMART GRID
SUBMITTED TO:-
MR. HEMANT KAUSHIK
ASSIT. PRO.
EE(DEPATMENT)
SUBMITTED BY:-
RAHUL KUMAR
13EREEE025
BRANCH- EE
2/27/2017 1multilevel inverter

2. Introduction
• Introduction to Microgrid.
• Microgrid Operating Modes.
• The Need of Microgrid.
• Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks.
• Environmental Aspects.
• Conventional Grid versus Microgrid.
• Advantages & Disadvantages of Microgrid.
• Future Directions on Microgrid Research.
• References.
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3. Introduction To Microgrid
• What is Microgrid?
– It is a small-scale power supply network that is
designed to provide power for a small community.
– It enables local power generation for local loads.
– It comprises of various small power generating
sources that makes it highly flexible and efficient.
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4. Introduction To Microgrid
• What is Microgrid?
– It is connected to both the local generating units and
the utility grid thus preventing power outages.
– Excess power can be sold to the utility grid.
– Size of the Microgrid may range from housing estate
to municipal regions.
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5. Introduction To Microgrid
• Microgrid Components
– Distributed Generation
– Loads
– Immediate storage
– Controller
– Point of Common Coupling
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6. 3/29/2017 6
Typical Microgrid is shown below:

7. Microgrid Operating Modes
• Grid Connected Mode:
– Utility grid is active.
– Static switch is closed
– All the feeders are being
supplied by utility grid.
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8. Microgrid Operating Modes
• Island Mode:
– Utility grid is not supplying power
– Static switch is open.
– Feeder A, B, C are being supplied
by Microsources.
– Feeder D (not sensitive )
is dead.
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9. The Need Of Microgrid
– Microgrid could be the answer to our energy crisis.
– Transmission losses gets highly reduced.
– Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts
emissions without major changes to lifestyles.
– Provide high quality and reliable energy supply to
critical loads3/29/2017 9

10. Interconnected Microgrids
Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks
– Practical size of Microgrids is limited to a few MVA.
– For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect many
Microgrids to form a larger Microgrid network called
Power Parks.
– The advantages of this Microgrid structure insures
greater stability and controllability for the Power
Parks.
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11. Environmental Aspects
– Microgrid encourages the use of the renewable
energy sources.
– Large land use impacts are avoided.
– CO2 Emissions are reduced.
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12. Conventional Grid vs. Microgrid
– Efficiency of conventional grid is very low as
compared to Microgrid.
– Large amount of energy in the form of heat is
wasted in conventional grid.
– Power sources in case of Microgrid (often referred
to as Microsources) are small and are located in
close proximity to load.3/29/2017 12

13. Advantages & Disadvantages
• Microgrid Advantages
– A major advantage of a Microgrid, is its ability, during a
utility grid disturbance, to separate and isolate itself from
the utility seamlessly with little or no disruption to the
loads within the Microgrid.
– In peak load periods it prevents utility grid failure by
reducing the load on the grid.
– Significant environmental benefits made possible by the
use of low or zero emission generators.
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14. Advantages & Disadvantages
• Microgrid Advantages
– The use of both electricity and heat permitted by
the close proximity of the generator to the user,
thereby increasing the overall energy efficiency.
– Microgrid can act to mitigate the electricity costs
to its users by generating some or all of its
electricity needs.
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15. Advantages & Disadvantages
• Microgrid Disadvantages
– Voltage, frequency and power quality are three main
parameters that must be considered and controlled to
acceptable standards whilst the power and energy balance is
maintained.
– Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery banks thus
requiring more space and maintenance.
– Resynchronization with the utility grid is difficult.
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16. Advantages & Disadvantages
• Microgrid Disadvantages
– Microgrid protection is one of the most important
challenges facing the implementation of Microgrids.
– Issues such as standby charges and net metering may
pose obstacles for Microgrid.
– Interconnection standards needs to be developed to
ensure consistency. IEEE P1547, a standard proposed
by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
may end up filling the void.
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17. Future Directions on Microgrid
Research
• To investigate full-scale development, field demonstration, experimental
performance evaluation of frequency and voltage control methods under
various operation modes.
• Transition between grid connected and islanded modes on interaction
phenomena between distribution generation and high penetration of
distributed generation.
• Transformation of Microgrid system today into the intelligent,
robust energy delivery system in the future by providing significant
reliability and security benefits.
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18. Thank You
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19. Queries?
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