The document is a seminar presentation on microgrids, outlining their definition, operating modes, components, advantages, and disadvantages. Microgrids are small-scale power networks that enable local energy generation and can function independently or in conjunction with the utility grid. The presentation also discusses future directions for microgrid research and environmental benefits associated with their use.

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SEMINAR TOPIC
MICROGRIDS
Presented By:
19C31A0201 – Allam Shravya
. Guided By:
Mrs.V. NAGAMALLESHWARI
Assistant Professor
BALAJI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
Narsampet, Warangal - 506331, Telangana, India
(AUTONOMOUS)
Accredited with NAAC A+ Grade, Accredited by N BA (CE,ME,ECE,CSE)
(Affiliated, to JNTUH, Hyderabad and Approved by the AICTE, New Delhi)
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Outline
 Introduction to Microgrid.
 Microgrid Operating Modes.
 The Need of Microgrid.
 Interconnected Microgrids - Power Parks.
 Environmental Aspects.
 Conventional Grid versus Microgrid.
 Advantages & Disadvantages of Microgrid.
 Future Directions on Microgrid Research.
 References.

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Introduction To Microgrid
What is Microgrid?
It is a small-scale power supply network that is designed to provide
power for a small community.
It enables local power generation for local loads.
It comprises of various small power generating sources that makes
it highly flexible and efficient.

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Introduction To Microgrid
What is Microgrid?
 It is connected to both the local generating units and the utility
grid thus preventing power outages.Excess power can be sold to
the utility grid.
 Size of the Microgrid may range from housing estate to municipal
regions.

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Introduction To Microgrid
 Microgrid Components
 Distributed Generation
 Loads
 Immediate storage
 Controller
 Point of Common Coupling

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Typical Microgrid is shown below:

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Pomelo, Indonesia - Village microgrid

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Microgrid Operating Modes
 Grid Connected Mode:
 Utility grid is active.
 Static switch is closedAll the feeders
are being supplied by utility grid.

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Microgrid Operating Modes
 Island Mode:
 Utility grid is not supplying power
Static switch is open.
 Feeder A, B, C are being supplied by
Microsources.
 Feeder D (not sensitive)is dead.

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The Need Of Microgrid
 Microgrid could be the answer to our energy crisis.
 Transmission losses gets highly reduced.
 Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts emissions
without major changes to lifestyles.
 Provide high quality and reliable energy supply to critical loads

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Interconnected Microgrids
 Interconnected Microgrids - Power Parks
 Practical size of Microgrids is limited to a few MVA.
 For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect many Microgrids to
form a larger Microgrid network called Power Parks.
 The advantages of this Microgrid structure insures greater
stability and controllability for the Power Parks.

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Environmental Aspects
 Microgrid encourages the use of the renewable energysources.
 Large land use impacts are avoided.
 CO2 Emissions are reduced.

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Conventional Grid vs. Microgrid
 Efficiency of conventional grid is very low as compared to
Microgrid.
 Large amount of energy in the form of heat is wasted in
conventional grid.
 Power sources in case of Microgrid (often referred to as
Microsources) are small and are located in close proximity to load.

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Advantages & Disadvantages
 Microgrid Advantages
 A major advantage of a Microgrid, is its ability, during a utility
grid disturbance, to separate and isolate itself from the utility
seamlessly with little or no disruption to the loads within the
Microgrid..
 In peak load periods it prevents utility grid failure by reducing the
load on the grid.
 Significant environmental benefits made possible by the useof low
or zero emission generators.

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Advantages & Disadvantages
 • Microgrid Advantages
 The use of both electricity and heat permitted by the close
proximity of the generator to the user, thereby increasing the
overall energy efficiency.
 Microgrid can act to mitigate the electricity costs to its users by
generating some or all of its electricity needs.

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Advantages & Disadvantages
 Microgrid Disadvantages
 Voltage, frequency and power quality are three main parameters
that must be considered and controlled to acceptable standards
whilst the power and energy balance is maintained.
 Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery banks thus
requiring more space and maintenance.
 Resynchronization with the utility grid is difficult.

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Advantages & Disadvantages
 Microgrid Disadvantages
 Microgrid protection is one of the most important challenges
facing the implementation of Microgrids.
 Issues such as standby charges and net metering may pose
obstacles for Microgrid.
 Interconnection standards needs to be developed to ensure
consistency. IEEE P1547, a standard proposed by Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers may end up filling the void.

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Future Directions on MicrogridResearch
 To investigate full-scale development, field demonstration,
experimental performance evaluation of frequency and voltage
control methods under various operation modes.
 Transition between grid connected and islanded modes on
interactionphenomena between distribution generation and high
penetration ofdistributed generation.
 Transformation of Microgrid system today into the intelligent,
robust energy delivery system in the future by providing
significant reliability and security benefits.

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References
 A. A. Salam, A. Mohamed and M. A. Hannan. "TECHNICAL
CHALLENGES ON MICROGRIDS (DECEMBER 2008)
 S. Abu-Sharkha, R.J. Arnolde, J. Kohlerd, R. Lia, T. Markvarta, J.N.
Rossb, K. Steemerse, P. Wilsonb, R. Yaoc. "Can microgrids make a
major contribution to UK energy supply?" (September 2004)
 John Stevens. "Characterization of Microgrids in the United States",
Sandia National Laboratories (January 2005)
 Robert H. Lasseter, Paolo Plagi. "Microgrid: A Conceptual
Solution", Universityof Wisconsin-Madison (June 2004)

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References
 "Integration of Distributed Energy Resources- The CERTS
MicroGrid Concept. Consultant Report (October 2003)
 Why the Microgrid Could Be the Answer to Our Energy Crisis"
 "How a Microgrid Works“
 "The Rise of MicroGrid Power Networks"

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TO BE CONTINUED

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THANK YOU