Updated presentation on UC San Diego's microgrid delivered by Byron Washom, Director of Strategeic Energy Initiatives

1. Local Impact, National Influence, Global Reach
UC San Diego’s
Leadership in Energy
Sustainability
MAE 124/ESYS 103
April 7, 2011
Byron Washom,
Director, Strategic Energy
Initiatives

2. With a daily population of over
45,000, UC San Diego is the size and UC San Diego Operates a 42 MWpeak Microgrid
complexity of a small city.
As a research and medical
the energy density of
commercial buildings
Campus Quick Facts
institution, we have FOUR times
12 million sq. ft. of buildings,
$200M/yr of building growth
Self generate 82% of annual
demand
•30 MW natural gas Cogen plant
•2.8 MW of Fuel Cells contracted
•1.2 MW of Solar PV installed, additional
2 MW planned

3. 3 Empowering Business in Real Time © Copyright 2010, OSIsoft LLC All rights Reserved.

6. UCSD Self Generates 82%
of its own electricity

10. Creating a Green Smart Microgrid
UCSD’s Microgrid will embody all 7
Smart Grid Functions envisioned by
the Energy Independence &
Security Act, 2007
RESCO $2M program with CA
Energy Commission will deploy:
• Advanced master controller for
microgrids
• Optimizer re- scheduler platform
for dynamic market signals allow
optimization of storage and supply
• Real time data acquisition for
analysis

12. Smart Grid – Largest Plant
Power Generation Energy Transmission & Distribution AMI
Management Support Dashboard
Convergence of Energy & Information
12 Empowering Business in Real Time © Copyright 2010, OSIsoft LLC All rights Reserved.

13. Campus Energy Dashboard Map

14. Energy Dashboard Sample
Computer Sciences Engineering Dept
• Overall Energy Usage • Individual Circuit Meters
Meters • EBU3B Server Room Monitor Panel
T1203B
• Main Power Meter • EBU3B 4th Floor Lighting
• EBU3B 3rd Floor Lighting
• Breakdown of Power Usage • EBU3B 2nd Floor Lighting
• EBU3B Server Room UPS Minitoring Panel
• EBU3B Emergency Lighting Monitoring
• CSE Building Sub- Panel E0222A
Monitoring Main Mechanical Sub Station
Meters •
MP0102
• Building Machine Room •
•
Monitoring Panel T1203C in Server Room
EBU3B 1st Floor Lighting
• Building Overall Lighting • Monitoring Panel T1203A in Server Room
• Building Mechanical Load • Monitoring Panel M Server Room
Equipment
• Building Plug Loads • EBU3B Basement Lighting
• EBU3B Main Building Power Sub Station A
• EBU3B Main Building Power Sub Station B
• EBU3B Elevator Load
• Chilled Water Loop Flow

21. 1.2 MW Installed on Campus PV

25. San Diego Region Receives 19% of Total
US Clean Renewable Energy Bonds

26. US Treasury Allocated $154M to the San Diego
Region to Increase Solar Systems by 20%
Bank of America just
$154M
funded a $4M UCSD
CREB at ~2% net
interest rate, 15 years

27. 900 kW Off Campus Sites with CREBs

28. Request for 900 kW issued for 5 Off Campus
Sites: roof & ground; fixed & dual axis tacking
2.0 Acres

29. Installed On Campus PV
11/18/2010 UC San Diego 30

30. Potential for Another 2 MW of PV Integrated with Storage
Jacobs School of Engineering

31. Solar Forecasting

32. Cloud Types

33. UCSD’s Trade Street Warehouse Request
for Proposals for 3 Different Roof Loadings
Common SoCal Characteristics Roof Loading Restrictions
• Constructed in 1988
• 152k sq ft clear roof space
• Due to structural loading
restrictions, the winning PV will
be the system design that
meets the loading restrictions
indicated in the figure to the
right while maximizing PV
power generation
• Very applicable to high PV
strategy
11/18/2010 UC San Diego 35

34. Los Angeles/Orange County
Warehouse Roof Market
Ontario
Los Angeles
Puente Hills
Anaheim
36

37. Governor Designated San Diego
as the Latest Innovation Hub
San Diego iHub Now Joins California’s
Innovation Corridor to Advance State’s Economic
Innovation and Global Competitiveness
The San Diego iHub wil be focused on the
convergence of three clusters: mobile health,
biofuels, and solar energy and energy storage

39. Solar PV plant output variability
(partly-cloudy day, 10-second time-step)
Potential
voltage
control and
power quality
issues due to
PV variability
Energy
storage on
distribution
PV Generation circuits may
be essential
21KV Circuit
Customer
Load
Added value – Back up power supply for
Energy Storage emergency management

41. car
1.5MWh Energy Storage Building

47. UCSD’s Electric Vehicle
Energy Storage Programs

49. White House Release 3-30-11
• Paving the way for advanced vehicles: The
President has set an ambitious goal of putting 1
million electric vehicles on the road by 2015. To
help us get there, the President’s FY 2012 Budget
proposes
– a redesigned $7500 tax credit for consumers,
– competitive grants for communities that encourage
the adoption of electric vehicles,
– funding for R&D to drive innovation in advanced
battery technology.
– calling on Congress to move forward with policies that
can help unlock the promise of natural gas vehicles.

50. Smart City San Diego …
A collaborative approach from strategy to execution

51. UCSD-GE-SDG&E-City of San Diego-
CleanTech San Diego Collaborative

52. 3 Proposed Projects …
Accelerate EV Infrastructure Build
Out
Drive Energy Efficiency – Gain Full
Utilization of Smart Grid Demand
Response Programs
Develop Sustainability Index

53. Electrification of the Transportation
Sector Is Essential to a Smart Grid
 Utilize smart technology to enable rapid
electric vehicle growth while ensuring safe,
reliable and efficient power delivery for
consumers.
UCSD, SDG&E and GE will demonstrate smart
technologies to identify when and where
charging will occur, as well as work with electric
vehicle owners to better manage charging loads.

54. Electrification of the Transportation
Sector Is Essential to a Smart Grid
 R&D systems to power electric vehicles
through clean, renewable energy sources, such as
solar and biogas fuel cells.
UCSD, GE and SDG&E will test the technical and
economic feasibility of achieving zero tailpipe
emissions, leveraging UCSD’s extensive solar and
fuel cell renewable energy generation
infrastructure.

55. Electrification of the Transportation
Sector Is Essential to a Smart Grid
 Study consumer behavior to better understand
their decisions and identify additional electric
vehicle initiatives.
The collaborators plan to enlist a consumer
focus group comprised of 50 UCSD students,
faculty, and staff who will be offered commercial
leases on electric vehicles, charging their vehicles
through UCSD’s planned electric vehicle
infrastructure.

56. Additional Mitigation Measure for High PV
Penetration is with “Endgame” PV Charging of EV

57. UCSD’s Legacy Infrastructure Enables Zero Carbon
Emissions, DC to DC On Peak Charging
• Funded $3.5 of Solar PV • Funded $17M Fuel Cell

58. Nissan, Mitsubishi, et.al can provide the
last link of the DC-DC Charging Stations
Access to DC Power
Need Zero Sum Reallocation of
DOE funding for DC-DC rectifier
and storage equipment &
installation costs

60. Second-Life for PHEV/BEV Batteries

61. Second-Life for PHEV/BEV Batteries
• Findings from the UC Davis Plug-in Hybrid Electric
Vehicle Research Center indicate that PEV batteries—
after they are no longer suitable for use in the
vehicle—could potentially be repurposed for a
second-life use in stationary storage applications,
providing valuable services to the grid, the utilities, and
electricity customers.
• The UC Berkeley study Strategies for Overcoming
Battery First‐Cost Hurdles found that revenue streams
generated from these second -use applications could be
used to significantly reduce the upfront cost of
batteries and therefore PEV ownership.

62. 2011 Testing Plans at UCSD
• NREL will announce soon that industry and academia are being a led
by the CA Center for Sustainable Energy (CCSE) to give batteries
from PHEV and BEV a unique comprehensive study of the feasibility,
durability, and value of Li-ion batteries for second use applications
• The project will begin with a comprehensive techno-economic
analysis addressing all aspects of a battery’s lifecycle in search of the
best second-use strategies, followed by a comprehensive field test
program at UCSD to verify findings, particularly life of batteries.
• The batteries will be integrated with PV on UCSD’s microgrid to:
– Provide validated tools and life data to industry for battery re-use
– Recommendations for PHEV/BEV battery design and manufacturing practices
– Identify the necessary regulatory changes to encourage secondary battery use
– Assess the economic benefit of second uses

63. Energy Storage Strategic Vision Goal:
“to work with PIER Energy Storage Program Team,
industry experts, utility representatives and other
leading practitioners to develop specific targets and
milestones as well as specific actions necessary for
development and deployment of energy storage
technologies in California …. The purpose of the
targets and milestones is to clearly identify the 2020
Energy Storage vision and goals over time that the
RD&D activities must be working toward achieving.”
68

64. Purpose of a vision:
• Provide thought leadership to help state’s leaders
and regulatory agencies make decisions on energy
policy
• Offer a framework that consolidates or integrates
detailed analyses conducted by other institutions
(e.g. E3, EPRI, SNL/DOE, CAISO, FERC, SDG&E, SCE)
with an assessment of the technologies and
expected rates of innovation
• Suggest next steps for CA policymakers, regulators,
and for CEC/PIER research
69

65. Approach for California
2020 Energy Storage Vision
• Consider several scenarios for deployment of
Energy Storage technologies in California
• Scenarios may provide different baselines for defining
possible targets and milestones, and for projecting the
effects of technological developments
• Use scenarios to contextualize specific actions
• Feasibility, practicality and cost-effectiveness of specific
actions may vary under different scenarios
• Starting place must be in identifying system and
application needs
70

66. Be the World’s…
 Most efficient Solar Integrated Storage system
 First “Smart” system discharging and charging
based on solar forecasts and market prices
First system to mitigate the negative impacts of
solar intermittency on distribution circuit
Most diverse mix of energy storage applications
Largest aggregate capacity installed at a
university
Most cited published project

68. “The use of the many complimentary
technologies and their integration into
the grid is revolutionary, and it can
demonstrate Smart Grid concepts are
affordable and secure sources of
energy … “
Petar Ristanovic, CAISO Chief Technology
Officer, July 8, 2010

69. CAISO in July 2010 expressed their
interest to the CEC in the development
and demonstration of UCSD’s
renewable based microgrids and how
it can be integrated with overall
operation of the power grid including
participation in CAISO’s ancillary
services and participating load
markets.

70. Deep Situation Awareness
• CAISO recognizes UCSD’s highly integrated
microgrid infrastructure with self generation,
thermal and electric energy storage, solar
forecasting, Demand Response, renewable
generation, its own 69 kV substation and
extensive metering and monitoring.
– Therefore, with CEC funding to UCSD, CAISO has
committed to collaborate in real time data
management for testing and demonstration of a data
intensive, real time anytical software, and how a
Smart Grid can participate in the ISO's markets.

71. Demand Responses Week of Aug 23 2010

74. “What is the best part about your
job at UCSD?” LA Times reporter
“The inability to exceed
the imagination of my
UCSD colleagues.”
Byron Washom

76. UC San Diego
Local Impact, National Influence, Global Reach