MENSTRUAL CYCLE.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•135 views
The menstrual cycle involves cyclic changes in the ovaries and uterus that occur over approximately 28 days. It begins at menarche between ages 12-15 and ends at menopause around ages 45-50. The cycle consists of a follicular phase where an egg matures and is released, an ovulation phase where the egg is released, and a luteal phase where the endometrium is prepared for potential implantation. Hormone levels of estrogen and progesterone rise and fall over the course of the cycle to regulate these changes until menstruation begins again if implantation does not occur.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Physiology of Menstrual Cycle
The document summarizes the physiology of the human menstrual cycle. It describes the hormonal interplay between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries that regulates the cycle. Key points include:
- The hypothalamus secretes GnRH in pulses, stimulating the pituitary to release FSH and LH. These regulate follicle development and ovulation.
- Estrogen levels rise in the follicular phase, triggering the LH surge and ovulation. After ovulation, the corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone to prepare the uterus if implantation occurs.
- If implantation does not occur, progesterone levels drop and menstruation begins, restarting the cycle. A complex feedback system precisely regulates hormone production throughout
2
The document discusses female reproductive physiology, describing the stages from puberty through menopause. It focuses on the menstrual cycle, explaining the hormonal regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and the cyclic changes that occur in the ovaries and endometrium under the influence of estrogen and progesterone. During the proliferative phase, estrogen stimulates endometrial growth, while the secretory phase is characterized by the effects of progesterone on the endometrium to prepare for potential implantation.
Structure and function of placenta
The placenta has fetal and maternal portions separated by chorionic and decidual plates. Between the plates are intervillous spaces containing maternal blood. During months 4-5, decidual septa divide the placenta into compartments called cotyledons. The placenta exchanges gases, nutrients, electrolytes and antibodies between mother and fetus. It also produces hormones like progesterone and estrogen to maintain pregnancy.
EMBRYOLOGY-OOGENESIS,SPERMATOGENESIS,FERTILIZATION
OOGENESIS, SPERMATOGENESIS,FERTILIZATION,IMPLANTATION,OVULATION,DENELOPMANT OF INNER CELL MASS, DECIDUA
Puberty
Puberty in girls is a period of profound biological, morphological, and psychological changes between childhood and adulthood that leads to maturity and fertility. Key changes include breast development, pubic and underarm hair growth, increased height, and menstruation occurring between ages 10-16 with peak onset at 13 years. Precocious puberty refers to signs of secondary sex characteristics before age 8 or menstruation before 10. It can be central, involving normal progression of puberty starting too soon, or peripheral, caused by excess sex hormones from problems in ovaries, adrenal glands or pituitary gland. Diagnosis involves assessing growth, bone age, hormone levels and ruling out tumors or other lesions. Prognosis is generally good with
04 implantation
Implantation begins around 6 days after fertilization and is usually complete by 11-12 days. The blastocyst implants in the endometrium through enzymes produced by the trophoblast. Trophoblast cells penetrate the endometrium and develop into two layers. By 10 days the conceptus is fully embedded and a blood supply is established. The formation of the bilaminar embryonic disc and primary chorionic villi occurs around 13 days. Ectopic pregnancies can occur if implantation is outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes.
Fertilization
Fertilization occurs when a sperm enters an ovum and their nuclei fuse to form a zygote with 46 chromosomes. This takes place in the fallopian tubes. The zygote then undergoes cell division, forming a morula, blastula, and gastrula. During the gastrula stage, the three germ layers form - ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm - which will give rise to the embryo's organs and tissues. The blastocyst then implants in the uterus, where the placenta develops to support fetal development over the following months.
ovarian cycle
The presentation discusses the ovarian cycle, which depicts the changes in the ovarian follicle during the menstrual cycle. It is comprised of the follicular phase, where follicles mature and prepare to release an egg under the influence of FSH hormones. During ovulation, a mature egg is released from the follicles into the fallopian tube. In the luteal phase, the corpus luteum forms from the remaining follicle and produces progesterone.
Recommended
Physiology of Menstrual Cycle
The document summarizes the physiology of the human menstrual cycle. It describes the hormonal interplay between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries that regulates the cycle. Key points include:
- The hypothalamus secretes GnRH in pulses, stimulating the pituitary to release FSH and LH. These regulate follicle development and ovulation.
- Estrogen levels rise in the follicular phase, triggering the LH surge and ovulation. After ovulation, the corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone to prepare the uterus if implantation occurs.
- If implantation does not occur, progesterone levels drop and menstruation begins, restarting the cycle. A complex feedback system precisely regulates hormone production throughout
2
The document discusses female reproductive physiology, describing the stages from puberty through menopause. It focuses on the menstrual cycle, explaining the hormonal regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and the cyclic changes that occur in the ovaries and endometrium under the influence of estrogen and progesterone. During the proliferative phase, estrogen stimulates endometrial growth, while the secretory phase is characterized by the effects of progesterone on the endometrium to prepare for potential implantation.
Structure and function of placenta
The placenta has fetal and maternal portions separated by chorionic and decidual plates. Between the plates are intervillous spaces containing maternal blood. During months 4-5, decidual septa divide the placenta into compartments called cotyledons. The placenta exchanges gases, nutrients, electrolytes and antibodies between mother and fetus. It also produces hormones like progesterone and estrogen to maintain pregnancy.
EMBRYOLOGY-OOGENESIS,SPERMATOGENESIS,FERTILIZATION
OOGENESIS, SPERMATOGENESIS,FERTILIZATION,IMPLANTATION,OVULATION,DENELOPMANT OF INNER CELL MASS, DECIDUA
Puberty
Puberty in girls is a period of profound biological, morphological, and psychological changes between childhood and adulthood that leads to maturity and fertility. Key changes include breast development, pubic and underarm hair growth, increased height, and menstruation occurring between ages 10-16 with peak onset at 13 years. Precocious puberty refers to signs of secondary sex characteristics before age 8 or menstruation before 10. It can be central, involving normal progression of puberty starting too soon, or peripheral, caused by excess sex hormones from problems in ovaries, adrenal glands or pituitary gland. Diagnosis involves assessing growth, bone age, hormone levels and ruling out tumors or other lesions. Prognosis is generally good with
04 implantation
Implantation begins around 6 days after fertilization and is usually complete by 11-12 days. The blastocyst implants in the endometrium through enzymes produced by the trophoblast. Trophoblast cells penetrate the endometrium and develop into two layers. By 10 days the conceptus is fully embedded and a blood supply is established. The formation of the bilaminar embryonic disc and primary chorionic villi occurs around 13 days. Ectopic pregnancies can occur if implantation is outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes.
Fertilization
Fertilization occurs when a sperm enters an ovum and their nuclei fuse to form a zygote with 46 chromosomes. This takes place in the fallopian tubes. The zygote then undergoes cell division, forming a morula, blastula, and gastrula. During the gastrula stage, the three germ layers form - ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm - which will give rise to the embryo's organs and tissues. The blastocyst then implants in the uterus, where the placenta develops to support fetal development over the following months.
ovarian cycle
The presentation discusses the ovarian cycle, which depicts the changes in the ovarian follicle during the menstrual cycle. It is comprised of the follicular phase, where follicles mature and prepare to release an egg under the influence of FSH hormones. During ovulation, a mature egg is released from the follicles into the fallopian tube. In the luteal phase, the corpus luteum forms from the remaining follicle and produces progesterone.
CPD presentation
The document discusses the pelvis and cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD). It defines the false pelvis and true pelvis, and lists the normal diameters of the pelvic inlet, cavity, and outlet. It describes a contracted pelvis as having one or more diameters reduced by 1 cm or more below normal. Causes of a contracted pelvis include developmental factors, trauma, infections, tumors, and metabolic bone diseases. Degrees of CPD range from minor to extreme. Management depends on the degree of disproportion and may include a trial of vaginal delivery, cesarean section, or craniotomy. Complications can affect both mother and fetus.
Fertilization,implantation and fetal development
Fertilization is the process by which an egg is fertilized by a sperm, beginning the development of a new organism. It occurs in the fallopian tubes, where the sperm penetrates the egg and fuses with its pronuclei. This forms a single cell called a zygote, which undergoes rapid cell division to become a blastocyst that implants in the uterus. The blastocyst continues to develop through the stages of morula, blastocyst, and embryo as it grows over a period of 38 weeks until birth as a full-term baby.
Embryology
This document provides an overview of human embryology from fertilization through the seventh week of development. Key events include fertilization, cleavage, formation of the blastocyst and implantation, development of the three germ layers and formation of the notochord and neural tube, somite formation, and the establishment of major organ systems. The major developmental milestones that occur each week of the first seven weeks are described.
Fertilization
Fertilization is the process by which an egg and sperm unite. In humans, fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes. The egg and sperm must first make contact, then the sperm undergoes an acrosome reaction to penetrate the egg's protective layers. Once the sperm fuses with the egg membrane, its nucleus enters the cytoplasm, leaving behind most of its cellular components except its nucleus and centriole. The fused cells form a single cell called a zygote, initiating prenatal development.
Fertilization
Steps of fertilization, where transport of gametes(oocyte and spermatozoon) , illustrated with images.
Differences in characteristics of egg and sperm of fertilization are tabulated.
Capacitation and acrosomal reaction are shown with diagrams to understand.
Barriers protecting female gamete shown with images.
Flowchart has been drawn to show the phases of fertilization and response of egg after entry of the sperm with explanation.
The result of fertilization is highlighted .
Ends
Unit v physiology of mensturation
The document discusses the physiology of the menstrual cycle. It begins with an introduction to menstruation and the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis that regulates the cycle. It then describes the three phases of the ovarian cycle (follicular, ovulatory, luteal) and the corresponding four phases of the uterine cycle (menstrual, proliferative, secretory, ischemic). It also discusses cervical mucus changes, abnormalities in menstruation, and some comfort measures during menstruation.
Functions of placenta
respiratory function
nutritive function
immunological function
endocrine function
endocrine function
Placenta embryology
The placenta is a fetomaternal organ with fetal and maternal components that functions to protect the fetus, provide nutrition, aid respiration, perform excretion, and produce hormones. It develops from the chorionic sac and endometrium. In early development, chorionic villi form and connect to the embryo's circulatory system. Later, the villous chorion develops into the fetal part of the placenta while the decidua basalis forms the maternal part. At term, the placenta has a discoid shape and cotyledons, and the umbilical cord connects it to the fetus for nutrient/waste exchange across the placental membrane.
Development of female reproductive system
The document summarizes the development of the female reproductive system. It begins with the formation of the genital ridge in the intermediate mesoderm at 3 weeks. At 5-6 weeks, primordial germ cells form the indifferent gonad. In the absence of the Y chromosome, the gonad develops into an ovary with cortical cords and primordial follicles. The ovaries descend into the pelvis guided by the gubernaculum. Meanwhile, the paramesonephric ducts form the fallopian tubes, uterus and upper vagina. The vagina develops from the sinovaginal bulbs and vaginal plate. Remnants of the mesonephric ducts include the epoophoron and
Normal labour and its physiology
This presentation contains :-
1.Introduction of normal labour
2. Definiation of normal labour
3.Criteria of normal labour
4. Physiology of normal labour
5. Pathophysiology of labor
6.Estrogen
7. Prostaglandin
8. Oxytocin
9. True labor and false labor difference
10. Uterine contraction in labor
11. Stages of labour
12. Management of 1 st stage
13. management of 2 nd stage
14. mamagement of 3 rd stage of labor
15. Cervix dilation
16. Friedman's curve
17. Fetal skull
18. Diameter of fetal skull
19. Sutures in fetal head
20. Moulding
21. Mechanism of labour
Embryology
The document summarizes key stages in human embryonic development from fertilization through the first few weeks. It describes the progression from a fertilized egg to a blastocyst, implantation, formation of the three germ layers and early development of organ systems. It also reviews embryonic tissue development and the process of ossification.
Development of embryo
The document outlines the key developmental stages of an embryo from fertilization through the 8th week. It discusses the formation of the blastocyst and attachment to the uterine lining in the 1st week. In the 2nd and 3rd weeks, the formation of the germ layers and notochord occur, along with gastrulation and neurulation. Somites begin to form in the 3rd week. Limbs and major organ systems develop through the 4th to 8th weeks as the embryo grows and differentiates.
Fertilization (General Embryology)
Fertilization is the process where a sperm unites with an ovum. It typically occurs in the ampullary part of the uterine tube. The sperm undergoes changes including capacitation, the acrosomal reaction, and fusion of the nuclei. This results in the formation of a zygote with a full diploid chromosome number. The zygote then undergoes cleavage as it is transported through the uterine tube, dividing into a 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell stage and so on over 3 days as it forms a morula.
Decidua & Chorionic Velli (General Embryology)
The decidua is the endometrium that remains in the uterus after implantation. It is composed of three parts: the decidua basalis between the blastocyst and myometrium that forms part of the placenta, the decidua capsularis covering the blastocyst except at the embryonic pole and separating it from the uterine cavity, and the decidua parietalis lining the rest of the uterine cavity. After delivery, the decidua basalis shares in placenta formation while the decidua capsularis and parietalis fuse and are shed with the placenta.
The umbilical cord
The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta and measures approximately 50 cm in length and 2 cm in diameter at term. It contains one vein that carries oxygenated blood to the fetus and two arteries that carry deoxygenated blood away. The cord inserts into the placenta near its center in most cases. Abnormalities can include abnormal insertion points, short or long length, knots, torsion, hematoma, or having a single umbilical artery instead of two.
Embryology Lecture 2 oogenesis
Oogenesis is the process by which ovaries produce ovum. It begins before birth as primordial germ cells migrate to the ovaries and develop into primary oocytes through mitosis and meiosis. At birth, oocytes arrest in prophase I. Upon puberty, selected follicles mature through primary, secondary, and preovulatory stages, with the oocyte completing the first meiotic division just before ovulation releases a secondary oocyte. If fertilized, meiosis II is completed, but the oocyte degenerates within a day if not fertilized.
Menstrual cycle
The normal menstrual cycle is tightly regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. During a typical 28-day cycle, follicles in the ovaries grow under the influence of FSH and LH from the pituitary. One follicle becomes dominant and further develops, producing estrogen. Rising estrogen levels cause a positive feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary, triggering an LH surge and ovulation. After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum which produces progesterone. If implantation does not occur, progesterone levels drop and menstruation begins, marking the start of a new cycle.
Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle occurs approximately every 28 days in human females from puberty to menopause. It involves several phases: the menstrual phase where the uterine lining is shed; the proliferative phase where the ovaries develop follicles and estrogen levels rise; ovulation on day 14 where an egg is released; and the luteal or secretory phase where progesterone levels rise to prepare the uterus for potential pregnancy if fertilization occurs. The cycle is regulated by hormones from the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries. Proper understanding of the cycle allows couples to plan intercourse for maximizing chances of fertilization and pregnancy.
Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle involves changes in the ovaries and uterus driven by hormones. It begins at menarche and typically repeats every 21-35 days until menopause. Each cycle can be divided into the follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase. During the follicular phase, FSH stimulates follicle growth and estrogen production. Ovulation occurs when an LH surge causes an egg to be released. In the luteal phase, the corpus luteum produces progesterone to thicken the uterine lining if implantation occurs. If not, progesterone levels drop and menstruation begins, restarting the cycle.
Fertilization process
This document summarizes the anatomy and fertilization process of human sperm and eggs. It describes that sperm are much smaller than eggs. Upon entering the fallopian tubes, sperm undergo capacitation over 5-7 hours to become able to fertilize eggs. Fertilization involves the sperm binding and fusing with the egg, preventing multiple sperm from entering through the zona reaction. This results in a zygote with a combined 46 chromosomes from the male and female pronuclei.
Menstrual cycle 2
The menstrual cycle is a series of physiological changes in fertile women controlled by the endocrine system necessary for reproduction. On average it is 28 days but varies in length. It begins at menarche around age 12 and ends at menopause typically between ages 45-55. The cycle involves changes in the neuroendocrine system, ovaries, and uterus. It consists of the menstrual, proliferative/follicular, and secretory/luteal phases characterized by menstrual bleeding, thickening of the endometrium, ovulation, and preparation for potential implantation. Abnormalities can include problems with ovulation, irregular or abnormal bleeding.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE.pdf
Menstrual cycle is a cyclic event that takes place in rhythmic fashion during reproductive period in women's life.
This content will suffice students of first and third year physiotherapy. I hope this helps you clearing your exams. Thank you in spending your precious time in referring the same.
More Related Content
What's hot
CPD presentation
The document discusses the pelvis and cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD). It defines the false pelvis and true pelvis, and lists the normal diameters of the pelvic inlet, cavity, and outlet. It describes a contracted pelvis as having one or more diameters reduced by 1 cm or more below normal. Causes of a contracted pelvis include developmental factors, trauma, infections, tumors, and metabolic bone diseases. Degrees of CPD range from minor to extreme. Management depends on the degree of disproportion and may include a trial of vaginal delivery, cesarean section, or craniotomy. Complications can affect both mother and fetus.
Fertilization,implantation and fetal development
Fertilization is the process by which an egg is fertilized by a sperm, beginning the development of a new organism. It occurs in the fallopian tubes, where the sperm penetrates the egg and fuses with its pronuclei. This forms a single cell called a zygote, which undergoes rapid cell division to become a blastocyst that implants in the uterus. The blastocyst continues to develop through the stages of morula, blastocyst, and embryo as it grows over a period of 38 weeks until birth as a full-term baby.
Embryology
This document provides an overview of human embryology from fertilization through the seventh week of development. Key events include fertilization, cleavage, formation of the blastocyst and implantation, development of the three germ layers and formation of the notochord and neural tube, somite formation, and the establishment of major organ systems. The major developmental milestones that occur each week of the first seven weeks are described.
Fertilization
Fertilization is the process by which an egg and sperm unite. In humans, fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes. The egg and sperm must first make contact, then the sperm undergoes an acrosome reaction to penetrate the egg's protective layers. Once the sperm fuses with the egg membrane, its nucleus enters the cytoplasm, leaving behind most of its cellular components except its nucleus and centriole. The fused cells form a single cell called a zygote, initiating prenatal development.
Fertilization
Steps of fertilization, where transport of gametes(oocyte and spermatozoon) , illustrated with images.
Differences in characteristics of egg and sperm of fertilization are tabulated.
Capacitation and acrosomal reaction are shown with diagrams to understand.
Barriers protecting female gamete shown with images.
Flowchart has been drawn to show the phases of fertilization and response of egg after entry of the sperm with explanation.
The result of fertilization is highlighted .
Ends
Unit v physiology of mensturation
The document discusses the physiology of the menstrual cycle. It begins with an introduction to menstruation and the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis that regulates the cycle. It then describes the three phases of the ovarian cycle (follicular, ovulatory, luteal) and the corresponding four phases of the uterine cycle (menstrual, proliferative, secretory, ischemic). It also discusses cervical mucus changes, abnormalities in menstruation, and some comfort measures during menstruation.
Functions of placenta
respiratory function
nutritive function
immunological function
endocrine function
endocrine function
Placenta embryology
The placenta is a fetomaternal organ with fetal and maternal components that functions to protect the fetus, provide nutrition, aid respiration, perform excretion, and produce hormones. It develops from the chorionic sac and endometrium. In early development, chorionic villi form and connect to the embryo's circulatory system. Later, the villous chorion develops into the fetal part of the placenta while the decidua basalis forms the maternal part. At term, the placenta has a discoid shape and cotyledons, and the umbilical cord connects it to the fetus for nutrient/waste exchange across the placental membrane.
Development of female reproductive system
The document summarizes the development of the female reproductive system. It begins with the formation of the genital ridge in the intermediate mesoderm at 3 weeks. At 5-6 weeks, primordial germ cells form the indifferent gonad. In the absence of the Y chromosome, the gonad develops into an ovary with cortical cords and primordial follicles. The ovaries descend into the pelvis guided by the gubernaculum. Meanwhile, the paramesonephric ducts form the fallopian tubes, uterus and upper vagina. The vagina develops from the sinovaginal bulbs and vaginal plate. Remnants of the mesonephric ducts include the epoophoron and
Normal labour and its physiology
This presentation contains :-
1.Introduction of normal labour
2. Definiation of normal labour
3.Criteria of normal labour
4. Physiology of normal labour
5. Pathophysiology of labor
6.Estrogen
7. Prostaglandin
8. Oxytocin
9. True labor and false labor difference
10. Uterine contraction in labor
11. Stages of labour
12. Management of 1 st stage
13. management of 2 nd stage
14. mamagement of 3 rd stage of labor
15. Cervix dilation
16. Friedman's curve
17. Fetal skull
18. Diameter of fetal skull
19. Sutures in fetal head
20. Moulding
21. Mechanism of labour
Embryology
The document summarizes key stages in human embryonic development from fertilization through the first few weeks. It describes the progression from a fertilized egg to a blastocyst, implantation, formation of the three germ layers and early development of organ systems. It also reviews embryonic tissue development and the process of ossification.
Development of embryo
The document outlines the key developmental stages of an embryo from fertilization through the 8th week. It discusses the formation of the blastocyst and attachment to the uterine lining in the 1st week. In the 2nd and 3rd weeks, the formation of the germ layers and notochord occur, along with gastrulation and neurulation. Somites begin to form in the 3rd week. Limbs and major organ systems develop through the 4th to 8th weeks as the embryo grows and differentiates.
Fertilization (General Embryology)
Fertilization is the process where a sperm unites with an ovum. It typically occurs in the ampullary part of the uterine tube. The sperm undergoes changes including capacitation, the acrosomal reaction, and fusion of the nuclei. This results in the formation of a zygote with a full diploid chromosome number. The zygote then undergoes cleavage as it is transported through the uterine tube, dividing into a 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell stage and so on over 3 days as it forms a morula.
Decidua & Chorionic Velli (General Embryology)
The decidua is the endometrium that remains in the uterus after implantation. It is composed of three parts: the decidua basalis between the blastocyst and myometrium that forms part of the placenta, the decidua capsularis covering the blastocyst except at the embryonic pole and separating it from the uterine cavity, and the decidua parietalis lining the rest of the uterine cavity. After delivery, the decidua basalis shares in placenta formation while the decidua capsularis and parietalis fuse and are shed with the placenta.
The umbilical cord
The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta and measures approximately 50 cm in length and 2 cm in diameter at term. It contains one vein that carries oxygenated blood to the fetus and two arteries that carry deoxygenated blood away. The cord inserts into the placenta near its center in most cases. Abnormalities can include abnormal insertion points, short or long length, knots, torsion, hematoma, or having a single umbilical artery instead of two.
Embryology Lecture 2 oogenesis
Oogenesis is the process by which ovaries produce ovum. It begins before birth as primordial germ cells migrate to the ovaries and develop into primary oocytes through mitosis and meiosis. At birth, oocytes arrest in prophase I. Upon puberty, selected follicles mature through primary, secondary, and preovulatory stages, with the oocyte completing the first meiotic division just before ovulation releases a secondary oocyte. If fertilized, meiosis II is completed, but the oocyte degenerates within a day if not fertilized.
Menstrual cycle
The normal menstrual cycle is tightly regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. During a typical 28-day cycle, follicles in the ovaries grow under the influence of FSH and LH from the pituitary. One follicle becomes dominant and further develops, producing estrogen. Rising estrogen levels cause a positive feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary, triggering an LH surge and ovulation. After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum which produces progesterone. If implantation does not occur, progesterone levels drop and menstruation begins, marking the start of a new cycle.
Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle occurs approximately every 28 days in human females from puberty to menopause. It involves several phases: the menstrual phase where the uterine lining is shed; the proliferative phase where the ovaries develop follicles and estrogen levels rise; ovulation on day 14 where an egg is released; and the luteal or secretory phase where progesterone levels rise to prepare the uterus for potential pregnancy if fertilization occurs. The cycle is regulated by hormones from the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries. Proper understanding of the cycle allows couples to plan intercourse for maximizing chances of fertilization and pregnancy.
Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle involves changes in the ovaries and uterus driven by hormones. It begins at menarche and typically repeats every 21-35 days until menopause. Each cycle can be divided into the follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase. During the follicular phase, FSH stimulates follicle growth and estrogen production. Ovulation occurs when an LH surge causes an egg to be released. In the luteal phase, the corpus luteum produces progesterone to thicken the uterine lining if implantation occurs. If not, progesterone levels drop and menstruation begins, restarting the cycle.
Fertilization process
This document summarizes the anatomy and fertilization process of human sperm and eggs. It describes that sperm are much smaller than eggs. Upon entering the fallopian tubes, sperm undergo capacitation over 5-7 hours to become able to fertilize eggs. Fertilization involves the sperm binding and fusing with the egg, preventing multiple sperm from entering through the zona reaction. This results in a zygote with a combined 46 chromosomes from the male and female pronuclei.
What's hot (20)
Similar to MENSTRUAL CYCLE.pptx
Menstrual cycle 2
The menstrual cycle is a series of physiological changes in fertile women controlled by the endocrine system necessary for reproduction. On average it is 28 days but varies in length. It begins at menarche around age 12 and ends at menopause typically between ages 45-55. The cycle involves changes in the neuroendocrine system, ovaries, and uterus. It consists of the menstrual, proliferative/follicular, and secretory/luteal phases characterized by menstrual bleeding, thickening of the endometrium, ovulation, and preparation for potential implantation. Abnormalities can include problems with ovulation, irregular or abnormal bleeding.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE.pdf
Menstrual cycle is a cyclic event that takes place in rhythmic fashion during reproductive period in women's life.
This content will suffice students of first and third year physiotherapy. I hope this helps you clearing your exams. Thank you in spending your precious time in referring the same.
The menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle is the series of changes that occur in a woman's reproductive system in preparation for pregnancy. It is controlled by hormones and typically lasts around 28 days, though the length can vary. The cycle involves three phases - the menstrual, proliferative, and secretory phases. During ovulation, an egg is released from the ovaries if pregnancy does not occur. The cycle then repeats each month until menopause, which usually occurs between ages 45-55.
Menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle describes the monthly changes women's bodies go through from the start of menstruation to ovulation and then back to menstruation. It involves both ovarian and uterine cycles controlled by hormones. The ovarian cycle consists of the follicular phase where an egg develops and is released at ovulation, and the luteal phase where the corpus luteum forms. The uterine cycle involves changes to the endometrium driven by hormones, from proliferation to secretion to menstruation. Key events include the development and rupture of the ovarian follicle, formation and regression of the corpus luteum, and shedding of the uterine lining if implantation does not occur.
Physiology of reproduction system
The normal female reproductive cycle consists of two interrelated cycles - the ovarian cycle and the menstrual cycle. The ovarian cycle involves the maturation of follicles in the ovaries and the potential release of a single ovum. The menstrual cycle involves changes in the uterus that are controlled by hormones from the ovaries. Typically, the full cycle is approximately 28 days and includes the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase. If pregnancy does not occur, the endometrial lining breaks down and menstruation begins, restarting the cycle.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND OVULATION 04-09-23 dr.Aremu.ppt
The document discusses the menstrual cycle in women. It defines the menstrual cycle and explains that it typically occurs monthly from puberty to menopause. The cycle involves changes in the ovaries and uterus regulated by hormones. It describes the four phases - follicular, ovulation, luteal, and menstrual. Key events like menarche, ovulation and menstruation are explained. Causes and symptoms of common conditions like PMS and dysmenorrhea are also summarized.
Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle involves coordinated changes in the ovaries and uterus driven by hormones. It typically lasts 28 days and includes a follicular phase where an egg matures and is released, ovulation, and a luteal phase where the corpus luteum develops. Hormones like FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone regulate this cycle. The endometrium thickens during the follicular phase in response to rising estrogen, and further changes during the luteal phase due to progesterone to prepare for potential implantation. If implantation does not occur, hormone levels drop and the endometrium is shed as menstruation.
Menstural cycle 1
catamenia is also other name for menstural cycle.
phases of menstural cycle with simple detail about harmones responsible.
Menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle is the series of changes that occur in a woman's reproductive system, under the control of hormones. It typically lasts around 28 days and has three phases: the menstrual phase where the uterine lining sheds, the proliferative phase where the lining grows under rising estrogen, and the secretory phase where progesterone rises and peaks at ovulation, after which the cycle begins again if conception does not occur. The cycle is essential for reproduction and generally begins at menarche in early teenage years before ending at menopause in middle age.
Menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle is the process in which females ripen and release one mature egg each month under control of the endocrine system. The average cycle is 28 days long and includes the menstrual, proliferative, ovulatory, and secretory phases. During ovulation, a mature egg is released from the ovaries. If the egg is not fertilized, menstrual bleeding occurs and the cycle repeats. The cycle allows for reproduction and continues monthly from menarche to menopause unless interrupted by pregnancy.
PHYSIOLOGY OF MENSTRUATION 2015
PHYSIOLOGY OF MENSTRUATION
Introduction :
Typically, a woman of childbearing age should menstruate every 28 days or so unless she's pregnant or moving into menopause. But numerous things can wrong with the normal menstrual cycle.
Definition:
Menstruation means cyclic uterine bleeding caused by shedding of progestational endometrium it occurs between menarche and menopause
Menstruation (also called menstrual bleeding, menses, or a period)
Characteristics of normal menstruation
1-Menarche: 10-16 years. average 13 years.
2-Duration: 2-7 days (<2days>7 days is menorrhagia
3-Amount: 30-80 ml., uses 3 napkins per day, >80 ml. is menorrhagia and < 30 ml. is hypomenorrhea.
4-Normally menstrual blood doesn’t coagulate as a result of secretion of fibrinolysin enzyme (plasmin) secreted by the endometrium.
5-Menstrual molimina refers to mild symptoms of 7-10 days before menstruation relieved once menstruation occurs exaggerated condition called (premenstrual syndrome).
The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis:
There are two main components of the menstrual cycle,
1. the changes that happen in the ovaries in response to pituitary hormones (the ovarian cycle)
2. and the variations that take place in the uterus,
but it is important to remember that both cycles work together simultaneously to produce the menstrual cycle.
Changes in cervical mucus also take place during the course of the menstrual cycle.
Ovarian & uterine_cycles
This document summarizes the ovarian and uterine cycles in women. It describes how the hypothalamus and pituitary gland regulate hormone production, including follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, which stimulate changes in the ovaries and uterus. These include follicle development, ovulation, formation of the corpus luteum, and changes to the endometrium under the influence of estrogen and progesterone in a typical 28-day cycle. Fertilization results in implantation and continuation of the corpus luteum and menstrual cycle. Non-fertilization leads to menstruation.
Physiology of Menstrual Cycle.
These notes describes menstrual cycle changes includes endocrine changes, endometrial wall changes and changes follicles inside ovary.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE.pdf
The document summarizes the key aspects of the human menstrual cycle. It describes that the menstrual cycle typically lasts 28 days and involves changes in the ovaries, uterus, vagina and cervix. The cycle consists of three phases - the menstrual phase (days 1-5) where the uterine lining sheds, the proliferative phase (days 6-14) where the lining thickens in response to estrogen, and the secretory phase (days 15-28) where the lining prepares for potential embryo implantation under the influence of progesterone. If implantation does not occur, progesterone and estrogen levels fall, causing the uterine lining to detach and bleed out as menstruation.
menstrual cycle.pptx
The document summarizes the female menstrual cycle, which occurs approximately every 28 days. It describes the ovarian and uterine cycles, including the follicular phase where an egg matures and is released (ovulation), the luteal phase where the corpus luteum forms, and the proliferative and secretory phases in the uterus. Key hormones like FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone regulate the cycle through feedback mechanisms between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries. Abnormalities in the cycle can occur if ovulation does not take place.
menstrual cycle- Anju.pptx
The document summarizes the physiology of the human menstrual cycle. It describes the four phases - menstrual, follicular, ovulatory, and luteal. Key events include menarche beginning the cycle around age 14 and menopause ending it around age 50. The ovarian cycle involves follicle maturation and ovulation in response to hormones. The uterine cycle involves changes to the endometrium also in response to hormones that prepare it for potential pregnancy.
Menstrual cycle
DEFINITION OR MEANING OF MENSTRUAL (REPRODUCTIVE) CYCLE:-
Menstruation (Greek word, men-month) is monthly uterine bleeding out flowing through vagina into vulva for 4-5 days every 28 days (24-35 days)during reproductive life of a woman from menarche to menopause.
The Menstrual cycle of 28 days starts on day of onset of menstruation and ends at day 28 on start of next mens.
The cycle consists of a series of changes taking place concurrently in the ovaries and uterine lining, stimulated by changes in blood concentration of hormones.
Physiology of menstruation - Female Reproductive System - B.Pharm & Pharm.D -...
Physiology of menstruation - Female Reproductive System - B.Pharm & Pharm.D -...Kameshwaran Sugavanam
This document discusses the physiology of menstruation. It begins with an overview of menstruation and notes that it involves periodic physiological changes in females from puberty until menopause. It then outlines the four phases of the menstrual cycle: the menstrual phase involving bleeding, the follicular phase where the uterus lining thickens, ovulation where an egg is released, and the luteal phase where the corpus luteum forms. Each phase is described in 1-2 sentences with key details.Menstural cycle-1.pptx
The document discusses the menstrual cycle, which is the regular natural change that occurs in the female reproductive system making pregnancy possible. It is controlled by hormones and occurs through a complex relationship between the brain and ovaries. There are four phases of the menstrual cycle: menstrual, follicular, ovulation, and luteal. The menstrual phase begins when bleeding and some cramping starts. During the follicular phase, hormones stimulate egg development and thickening of the uterine lining. Ovulation involves the release of a mature egg. In the luteal phase, the corpus luteum produces progesterone to prepare the uterus for potential pregnancy.
Similar to MENSTRUAL CYCLE.pptx (20)
MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND OVULATION 04-09-23 dr.Aremu.ppt
MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND OVULATION 04-09-23 dr.Aremu.ppt
Physiology of menstruation - Female Reproductive System - B.Pharm & Pharm.D -...
Physiology of menstruation - Female Reproductive System - B.Pharm & Pharm.D -...
More from ShiriShir
ankleandfootcomplex-190730140126 (1).pdf
The document summarizes the anatomy and biomechanics of the foot and ankle. It describes the 26 bones that make up the foot, divided into the forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot. It outlines the joints of the foot and ankle including the ankle joint, subtalar joint, transverse tarsal joint, and tarsometatarsal joints. It discusses the ligaments supporting each joint and the motions associated with walking, such as pronation and supination. Overall, the foot provides stability, mobility, shock absorption and propulsion during gait.
postureanalysis-160615172836 (2).pdf
This document summarizes key concepts about posture including:
1. Posture can be static or dynamic, with static involving maintaining certain body positions and dynamic involving body movement.
2. Maintaining upright posture allows humans to use their arms while increasing stress on the back and reducing stability.
3. Postural control involves the central nervous system integrating inputs from vision, vestibular, proprioceptive, and musculoskeletal systems.
4. Perturbations displace the body from equilibrium, requiring compensatory responses like ankle, hip, or change of support strategies to restore stability.
biomechanicsofposture-140725042541-phpapp02.pdf
This document provides an overview of biomechanics of posture. It defines static and dynamic posture and describes the major goals and elements of postural control, including maintaining the body's center of gravity over its base of support and stabilizing the head vertically. It discusses perturbations that can disrupt posture and the fixed and change-in-support synergies used to regain equilibrium. Key aspects of posture such as external forces, ground reaction forces, and optimal alignment are summarized. Common postural deviations are also outlined.
gait-140515053248-phpapp01.pdf
The document discusses gait and gait analysis. It defines gait as rhythmic movements of the limbs that result in forward body progression. A normal gait cycle consists of stance and swing phases for each limb. Key points of the gait cycle and factors that affect gait are described in detail. Common gait abnormalities such as antalgic gait, Trendelenburg gait, and functional leg length discrepancy are also summarized.
wristhandcomplex-180207031347.pdf
This document provides information on the biomechanics of the wrist and hand complex. It describes the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, and range of motion of the wrist, hand, fingers, and thumb. Key points include that the wrist is a complex of two joints (radiocarpal and midcarpal) that allow flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation. The hand has 19 bones and joints distal to the carpals that form transverse and longitudinal arches to enhance grip. Each finger has carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints while the thumb only has one interphalangeal joint. Ligaments and muscles work together to provide stability and
anklefootbiomechanics-180308063536.pdf
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and biomechanics of the ankle and foot. It begins with an introduction to the bones, joints, ligaments and muscles of the ankle and foot. It then discusses the specific motions and functions of the ankle joint, subtalar joint, and transverse tarsal joint. For each joint, it describes the structural features, ligaments, range of motion, and how the joints work together during weight bearing activities like walking. The document aims to explain the complex integrated movements between the lower leg and foot.
murmur.ppt
This document discusses cardiac murmurs, including their characteristics, timing, location, intensity and frequency. Common cardiac conditions that can cause murmurs are explored through case studies, including details on presentation, physical exam findings, EKG and echocardiography results. Conditions covered include aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, aortic insufficiency, mitral regurgitation and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
oxygendissociationcurve-141001135654-phpapp01.pdf
The document summarizes the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, which plots the percentage of hemoglobin in its oxygen-saturated form against the partial pressure of oxygen. It describes how hemoglobin, composed of heme and globin units, can bind reversibly to oxygen molecules. The curve has a plateau portion where little oxygen is released from hemoglobin at high oxygen pressures in the lungs, and a steep portion where hemoglobin readily unloads oxygen at lower pressures in tissues. An important measurement of hemoglobin's oxygen affinity is P50, the partial pressure at which hemoglobin is 50% saturated with oxygen, which can shift based on conditions.
Emotion.pptx
Emotions are feelings that influence behavior and have physiological and cognitive components. There are four basic emotions: happy, sad, afraid/surprised, and angry/disgust. Emotions can be positive like joy or negative like fear. Primary emotions are instinctive responses to stimuli while secondary emotions involve feeling emotions about other emotions.
Theories of emotion include the James-Lange theory that emotions arise from physiological reactions, the Cannon-Bard theory that physiological and emotional experiences occur simultaneously, and the Schachter-Singer theory that physiological arousal combined with cognitive labeling leads to emotion.
Stress can be beneficial (eustress) or harmful (distress) and results from stressors
clinical psychology.pptx
Clinical psychology involves the assessment and treatment of mental illness and abnormal behavior. It includes diagnosing psychological disorders like those seen in medical settings and treating conditions such as drug and alcohol addiction. Psychosomatic disorders are illnesses that affect both the mind and body, where emotional stress contributes to physical problems in involuntary systems. Somatoform disorders are mental illnesses characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be explained medically and interfere with functioning. Specific types of somatoform disorders include somatization disorder, conversion disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hypochondriasis.
prehension.pptx
Prehension involves grasping objects between surfaces of the hand. There are two main types of prehension - power grip and precision handling. Power grip uses flexion of all fingers and the thumb acts as a stabilizer. Precision handling involves skillful placement of an object between the fingers and thumb. There are different grips for various shaped objects including cylindrical, spherical, hook, and lateral grips. Precision handling requires finer motor control and includes pad to pad, tip to tip, and pad to side grips. The functional position of the wrist and hand allows equal tension across all wrist muscles.
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF CONTRACEPTION (CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS).pptx
Contraceptive methods can be divided into permanent and temporary methods. Permanent methods include vasectomy for males and tubectomy for females. Temporary methods include barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, intrauterine devices (IUDs), hormonal methods like oral contraceptive pills, and biological methods like abstinence and rhythm methods. Hormonal methods are the most effective temporary methods and include combined and progesterone-only pills, as well as depot injections. Oral contraceptive pills work mainly by preventing ovulation, implantation, and allowing altered cervical mucus to restrict sperm entry.
OOGENESIS FOLLICULOGENESIS GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE.pptx
Oogenesis is the process by which female gametes (ova/eggs) are formed. It begins during fetal development with primordial germ cells that migrate and undergo mitotic division, resulting in around 7 million primary oocytes by the 8th week of gestation. These enter meiotic arrest in prophase I. Folluculogenesis is the growth and maturation of follicles containing the ova. It occurs in four stages from primordial to tertiary follicles, with the late tertiary follicle being around 20mm and containing the nearly mature ovum.
PUPILLARY REFLEXES.pptx
The pupillary reflex allows the eye to adjust the amount of light reaching the retina and protects the photoreceptors. There are two types of pupillary reflexes: the pupillary light reflex and the pupillary accommodation reflex. The pupillary light reflex causes constriction of the pupil in response to light, either directly in the light-stimulated eye or indirectly in the other eye. The pupillary accommodation reflex causes constriction of the pupil, convergence of the eyeballs, and bulging of the lens when focusing on a near object.
biomechanicsoftmj-210811054244.pdf
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex synovial joint that allows the mandible to move through a range of motions including depression, elevation, protrusion, retrusion, and lateral excursion. It is made up of the mandibular condyle, articular disc, articular eminence of the temporal bone, and various ligaments. During opening and closing, the condyle and disc glide and rotate together. The disc increases stability and decreases stress on the joint. The ligaments and musculature provide both passive and active control of movement.
ABNORMALITIES OF MICTURITION.pdf
This document describes 4 types of abnormalities of micturition or urination: 1) Atonic bladder which lacks muscle tone and overflows due to nerve damage, 2) Automatic bladder which empties unannounced due to spinal cord damage above the sacral region, 3) Nocturnal micturition which is involuntary bedwetting due to incomplete nerve fiber myelination or spinal defects, and 4) Uninhibited neurologic bladder which has uncontrolled frequent urination from lack of inhibitory brain signals and partial spinal/brainstem damage.
Biomechanics - muscles of lower thorax (Ann).pptx
The posterior muscles of the lower thoracic and lumbopelvic regions stabilize the trunk for limb movement and reduce forces on the spine. Key muscles include the erector spinae which extends the trunk, and the multifidus which connects the sacrum to lumbar vertebrae. The thoracolumbar fascia surrounds these muscles and connects to other back muscles and the abdomen.
pelvicfloor-150703094639-lva1-app6891.pdf
The document summarizes the pelvic floor muscles (PFM), including their three layers, innervation, fiber types, functions in support, continence and sexual function. Assessment methods are described like digital examination grading scales and tools like perineometers. Dysfunctions are outlined such as supportive, hypertonic, incoordination and visceral. Causes and characteristics are provided for each.
biomechanicsofhumanspine-190930194450.pdf
The human spine is made up of 33 vertebrae divided into 5 regions. Each region has characteristic structural features that determine its range of motion. The spine's motion is enabled by intervertebral discs composed of a gel-like nucleus pulposus surrounded by the fibrocartilaginous annulus fibrosus. Muscles around the spine facilitate flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation. Forces like body weight, ligament tension, muscle tension, and external loads apply compression, shear, bending and torsional stresses to the spine. Common injuries arise from exceeding the spine's load tolerance or range of motion.
More from ShiriShir (20)
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF CONTRACEPTION (CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS).pptx
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF CONTRACEPTION (CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS).pptx
Recently uploaded
SOLIDWORKS 2024 Enhancements eBook.pdf for beginners
Wonder and help in everyway to know in details easily
一比一原版(UOL文凭证书)利物浦大学毕业证如何办理
毕业原版【微信:176555708】【(UOL毕业证书)利物浦大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
按照学校原版(Adelaide文凭证书)阿德莱德大学毕业证快速办理
怎样办理复制【微信:176555708】【(Adelaide毕业证书)阿德莱德大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
1比1复刻澳洲皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证本科学位原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【澳洲皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证本科学位】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
按照学校原版(UAL文凭证书)伦敦艺术大学毕业证快速办理
出售假学位证【微信:176555708】【(UAL毕业证书)伦敦艺术大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
买(usyd毕业证书)澳洲悉尼大学毕业证研究生文凭证书原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(usyd毕业证书)澳洲悉尼大学毕业证研究生文凭证书》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
按照学校原版(Westminster文凭证书)威斯敏斯特大学毕业证快速办理
加急购买办理毕业证【微信:176555708】【(Westminster毕业证书)威斯敏斯特大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
按照学校原版(Greenwich文凭证书)格林威治大学毕业证快速办理
出售买大学文凭【微信:176555708】【(Greenwich毕业证书)格林威治大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
按照学校原版(Columbia文凭证书)哥伦比亚大学毕业证快速办理
快速办理假学位证【微信:176555708】【(Columbia毕业证书)哥伦比亚大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
按照学校原版(SUT文凭证书)斯威本科技大学毕业证快速办理
退学办理电子版【微信:176555708】【(SUT毕业证书)斯威本科技大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
按照学校原版(QU文凭证书)皇后大学毕业证快速办理
补办学校邮寄信封【微信:176555708】【(QU毕业证书)皇后大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
一比一原版(Monash文凭证书)莫纳什大学毕业证如何办理
毕业原版【微信:176555708】【(Monash毕业证书)莫纳什大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
一比一原版(ANU文凭证书)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证如何办理
加急办理国外文凭【微信:176555708】【(ANU毕业证书)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
一比一原版(KCL文凭证书)伦敦国王学院毕业证如何办理
毕业原版【微信:176555708】【(KCL毕业证书)伦敦国王学院毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
一比一原版(Adelaide文凭证书)阿德莱德大学毕业证如何办理
学校原版办理海外认证【微信:176555708】【(Adelaide毕业证书)阿德莱德大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
按照学校原版(UST文凭证书)圣托马斯大学毕业证快速办理
精仿办理本科毕业证【微信:176555708】【(UST毕业证书)圣托马斯大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
按照学校原版(UPenn文凭证书)宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证快速办理
办理【(UPenn毕业证书)宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证】【176555708微信号】存档可查的成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Building a Raspberry Pi Robot with Dot NET 8, Blazor and SignalR
In this session delivered at NDC Oslo 2024, I talk about how you can control a 3D printed Robot Arm with a Raspberry Pi, .NET 8, Blazor and SignalR.
I also show how you can use a Unity app on an Meta Quest 3 to control the arm VR too.
You can find the GitHub repo and workshop instructions here;
https://bit.ly/dotnetrobotgithub
一比一原版(Adelaide文凭证书)阿德莱德大学毕业证如何办理
毕业原版【微信:176555708】【(Adelaide毕业证书)阿德莱德大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Recently uploaded (20)
SOLIDWORKS 2024 Enhancements eBook.pdf for beginners
SOLIDWORKS 2024 Enhancements eBook.pdf for beginners
Production.pptxd dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
Production.pptxd dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
Building a Raspberry Pi Robot with Dot NET 8, Blazor and SignalR
Building a Raspberry Pi Robot with Dot NET 8, Blazor and SignalR
MENSTRUAL CYCLE.pptx
- 2. MENSTRUAL CYCLE • The cyclic events that take place in a rhythmic manner during the reproductive period of woman’s life
- 3. • It starts at the age of ‘12-15’ years and ceases at the age of ‘45-50’ years • First menstrual cycle “menarche” • The permanent cessation of menstrual cycle in old age – “menopause”
- 4. • Menstrual cycle constitute both “uterine cycle” and “ovarian cycle” • Normal duration is “28 days” • It may vary b/w 25 and 35 days under physiological conditions
- 5. • OVARIAN CYCLE OR EVENTS • Follicular changes and hormone secretions 1. Follicular phase 2. Ovulation 3. Luteal phase • UTERINE CYCLE OR EVENTS • Uterine changes and preparation for fertilization and ovum implantation 1. Proliferative phase 2. Secretory phase 3. Menstrual phase
- 6. OVARIAN CYCLE 1. Follicular phase 2. Ovulation 3. Luteal phase
- 7. OVARIAN CYCLE • Day 0 – 14 : Follicular phase (preovulatory stage) • Maturation of follicle into secondary follicle • FSH and LH • Stimulates “oocyte” development and “follicle growth” primordial follicle, to primary follicle, into secondary follicle • Estrogen • Reaches its peak
- 8. OVARIAN CYCLE • Day 14 – 15 : Ovulation (Release of matured ovum) • Graafian follicle (containing ovum) • FSH and LH rapidly • LH burst occurs – ovulation starts
- 9. • Day 15 – 28 : Luteal phase (Postovulatory stage) • Formation of “corpus luteum” (yellow body) • FSH and LH decline • Estrogen moderates level • Progesterone • Reaches its peak • Corpus hemorrhagicum - corpus luteum - corpus albicans (white body)
- 10. UTERINE CYCLE 1. Menstrual phase or pregnancy 2. Proliferative phase (preovulatory) 3. Secretory phase (postovulatory)
- 11. • Day 0 – 7 : Menstrual phase or pregnancy • Sudden reduction in estrogen and progesterone • (50 – 150 ml blood loss with shedding of stratum functionalis layer of uterine endometrium) • 2 – 5 mm thickness
- 12. • Day 7 – 14 : Proliferative phase (preovulatory) • Starts at the end of “menstrual phase” • Uterine lining thickens (4 – 10 mm) • “Stratum basalis” undergoes mitosis • Produces “stratum functionalis” • Estrogen
- 13. • Day 14 – 28 : Secretory phase (postovulatory) • Starts with “ovulation” • Uterine lining extremely thickened (12 – 18 mm) • Progesterone and estrogen secretion rises • Inhibits LH and FSH release
- 14. • Day 0 : Menstrual phase or pregnancy • If fertilization occurs, lining is maintained • If not, lining is shed and will recycle next month
- 15. HORMONAL CHANGES DURING MENSTRUAL CYCLE
- 16. UTERINE CHANGES DURING MENSTRUAL CYCLE