2. • Contraception : prevention of pregnancy
• Also called birth control, fertility control
3. Contraceptive methods can be divided into “two”
• PERMANENT
METHODS
1. Vasectomy in males
2. Tubectomy in females
• TEMPORARY
METHODS
1. Barrier methods
2. Intrauterine contraceptive
devices (IUCDs)
3. Hormonal methods
4. Biological methods
4. PERMANENT METHODS
MALE STERILIZATION FEMALE
STERILIZATION
Vasectomy
Vasdeferens is clamped, cut
and the ends are ligated
Tubectomy
Fallopian tube is ligated
Ligated ends are cut and
sutured
5. TEMPORARY METHODS
• PHYSICAL METHODS
• Condom – latex material,
most widely used, both
male and female condoms
are available
• Diaphragm – rubber cap to
insert into the vagina of the
female before intercourse
• CHEMICAL METHODS
• Foam, cream, jelly and
suppositories
• All these contain
“spermicides”
6. IUCDs
• Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs)
• Small inert substances inserted into the cavity of
uterus
• First generation IUCD : Lippe’s loop
• Second generation IUCD : Copper T
• Third generation IUCD : Progestasert
7. • Hormonal methods : Most effective
• Classified into the following ;
1. Oral pills
2. Depot preparations
8. • ORAL PILLS :
• Combined pills – synthetic
estrogen and progesterone
• Give orally for 21 days
beginning from the 5th day
of last menstrual cycle
• PROGESTERON ONLY
PILLS :
• Called “mini pills”
• Contain only progesterone
9. • POSTCOITAL PILL :
• Contain high doses of
estrogen
• Used daily for 5 days after
the sexual act
• ONCE-A-MONTH PILL :
• Not commonly used pill
due to high bleeding and a
high failure rate
10. MECHANISM OF ACTIONS OF PILLS
• Prevent ovulation
• Prevent implantation of ovum
• Restrict the entry of sperm by altering the character
of cervical mucus
11. BIOLOGICAL METHODS
• Abstinence : avoiding sexual intercourse
• Coitus interruptus : male withdraws from the act just
before ejaculation
• Safe period (Rhythm method) : based on the fact
that ovulation occurs between the 12th and 16th day
in the menstrual cycle of duration of 28 days
12. • The couple is advised to avoid intercourse from the
8th to 22nd day of the menstrual cycle
