Islamic architecture encompasses both secular and religious structures from the rise of Islam to present day. The main types are mosques, tombs, palaces, and forts, with characteristics including niches, columns, arches, minarets, and calligraphy. Islamic architectural styles developed based on the regions conquered, incorporating influences from Persia, Central Asia, China, and the Horn of Africa.

2. Islamic architecture has
encompassed a wide range
of both secular and
religious styles from the
foundation of Islam to the
present day, influencing
the design and construction
of buildings and structures
within the sphere of
Islamic culture.
The principle
architectural types of

3. The principle
architectural types of
Islamic architecture are:
a) the Mosque,
b) the Tomb,
c) the Palace
d) the Fort.
From these
four types, the
vocabulary of Islamic
architecture is derived
and used for buildings of

4. The characteristics of
Islamic architecture are:
a) The niche
b) The columns
c) The arches
d) The minarets
e) The calligraphy

5.  Miharab is the
semicircular
niche in the
wall of mosque.
 The word
originally had
a non-religious
meaning and
simply denoted
as a special
room in a
house.
 The term was
used by Islamic

6.  Columns were
often combined
with arches and
beams, creating
a fluid sense of
harmony.
 A column is an
upright pillar
or post. Columns
may support a
roof or a
beam, or they
can be purely
decorative.
 A column has
three main
parts.
THE BASE: Most columns rest on a round or

7.  Islamic
architecture
is
characterize
d by arches
which are
employed in
all types of
buildings.
 Earliest form
of arches
employed in
ARCHES IN INTERIOR
VIEW OF MEZQUITA

9.  Minarate is a
slim tower
rising from the
mosque.
 They vary in
height, style
and number.
 Minarates may
be square,
round or
octagonal and
are usually
covered with a

10. CALLIGRAPHY

11.  Islamic
calligraphy, also
known as Arabic
calligraphy, is
the artistic
practice
Handwriting.
 They used it to
represent God
because they
denied
representing God
with images.
 Calligraphy is
especially
revered among
Islamic arts since
it was the primary
means for the
preservation of

12. MOSQUE

13.  A mosque is
a place of
worship for
followers of
Islam.
 Quba Mosque
is the first
mosque in
history, and
mosques have
developed
significantl
QUBA MOSQUE

14. PLAN OF MOSQUE

15. SHRINES

16.  Shrine is a place of
worship which is
associated with a
particular holy
person.
 Islamic architecture
consists of Shrines
and buildings.
 The first 3 shrines in
Islamic architecture
are:
1. Kaaba at Mecca
2. Mosque of prophet
Muhammad.
3. Dome of rock.
MOSQUE OF PROPHET
MUHAMMAD

17. TOMB

18.  A tomb is a large
grave that is
above the ground
and that usually
has a sculpture
on it.
 The tomb usually
consists of
solitary
compartment or
tomb chamber
known as the
huzrah in whose
centre is the
cenotaph or
zarih.
 This entire
structure is
covered with an
elaborate dome.
 In the
underground
chamber lies the
GOUR-EMIR
MAUSOLEUM TOMB

19. v There are
different styles in
which we can see
Islamic
architecture.
1. Persian Style.
2. Azerbaijani
Architecture.
3. Turkistan

20.  The Islamic
conquest of
Persia in the
7th century
led early
Islamic
architects to
borrow and
adopt many
traditions and
ways of the
fallen Persian
Inside the Shah Mosque
in the city of Isfahan.

21. The Shah Mosque,
constructed in 1629, in
Isfahan, Iran.
Friday Mosque of
Herat in Afghanistan
The Shrine of Hazrat
Ali in Mazar-i-Sharif,
Afghanistan.

22.  The Islamic
conquest of
Persia in the
7th century
also helped
Islamic
architecture
to flourish in
Azerbaijan.
 The country
became home
of Nakchivan
and Shirvan-
Absheron
The mausoleum of Yusuf.

23.  The Timurid architecture is the
pinnacle of Islamic art in Central
Asia.
 Timurid architecture started with
the sanctuary of Ahmed Yasawi in
present-day Kazakhstan and
culminated in Timur's mausoleum
Gur-e Amir in Samarkand.
 The style is largely derived from
Persian architecture.
 Axial symmetry is a characteristic
of all major Timurid structures,
notably the Shah-e Zendah in
Samarkand and the mosque of
Gowhar Shad in Mashhad.
Gur-e-amir
mausoleum,Samarkand
Shah-e-zendah
,Samarkand

24.  The first Chinese
mosque was
established in
the 7th century
during the Tang
Dynasty in Xi'an.
 The Great Mosque
of Xi'an, whose
current buildings
date from the
Ming Dynasty,
does not
replicate many
of the features
often associated
with traditional
mosques. Instead,
it follows
traditional
Chinese
The Great Mosque of
Xi'an, China

25.  The peaceful introduction
of Islam in the early
medieval era of Somalia's
history brought Islamic
architectural influences
from Arabia and Persia,
which stimulated a shift
from drystone and other
related materials in
construction to coral
stone, sundried bricks, and
the widespread use of
limestone in Somali
architecture. Mosque of Somali