Islamic architecture originated from Roman, Byzantine, and Persian influences and spread throughout the Islamic world. It includes mosques, tombs, palaces, and forts and is characterized by courtyards, hypostyle halls, vaulting, muqarnas, and geometric and floral ornamentation. Major architectural features include domes, arches, arabesque patterns, and calligraphy. Early influences included the Dome of the Rock and Great Mosque of Damascus, which incorporated Byzantine elements. Regional variations emerged, with Eastern styles featuring non-radial vaulting and the West utilizing horseshoe arches.
MINBAR
Platform in a mosque, placed next to the mihrab. The minbar is used with the khutba, the Friday sermon, and the khatib (the person performing the Friday sermon) ascends it.
Islamic Architecture from early Medieval to Ottoman: It encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day. What today is known as Islamic architecture was influenced by Roman, Byzantine and all other lands which the Muslims conquered in the 7th and 8th centuries.
COMMON INTERPRETATIONS OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
D
OME OF ROCK , JERUSALAM
•
G
REAT MOSQUE OF SAMARA AND CORODB DB A
•
UMMAYAD MOSQUE (GRAND MOSQUE OF DAMASCUS)
•
MADRASSA
•
MADRASSA OF SULTAN
Lecture-2 (Islamic Architecture) complete for display.pptUsamaShaheer1
This slide tells about Islamic Architecture in detail.
Islamic Architecture is very important according to the architect's point of view, thus an idea is given here.
MINBAR
Platform in a mosque, placed next to the mihrab. The minbar is used with the khutba, the Friday sermon, and the khatib (the person performing the Friday sermon) ascends it.
Islamic Architecture from early Medieval to Ottoman: It encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day. What today is known as Islamic architecture was influenced by Roman, Byzantine and all other lands which the Muslims conquered in the 7th and 8th centuries.
COMMON INTERPRETATIONS OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
D
OME OF ROCK , JERUSALAM
•
G
REAT MOSQUE OF SAMARA AND CORODB DB A
•
UMMAYAD MOSQUE (GRAND MOSQUE OF DAMASCUS)
•
MADRASSA
•
MADRASSA OF SULTAN
Lecture-2 (Islamic Architecture) complete for display.pptUsamaShaheer1
This slide tells about Islamic Architecture in detail.
Islamic Architecture is very important according to the architect's point of view, thus an idea is given here.
hagia Sophia has evolved over may architecture style.it has been used according to the timeline and even changed according to the ruling power. this has been the best example for adaptive reuse..
Islamic architecture captivates people for several reasons:
Intricate Design: Islamic architecture is renowned for its intricate and elaborate designs, characterized by geometric patterns, arabesques, and calligraphy. These designs often adorn mosques, palaces, and other structures, creating visually stunning environments.
Spiritual Significance: Many are drawn to the spiritual symbolism embedded in Islamic architecture, especially in mosques. The grandeur of these buildings often evokes a sense of awe and reverence, providing a space for worship and reflection.
Cultural Heritage: Islamic architecture reflects the rich cultural heritage of various regions across the Islamic world, spanning from Spain to Southeast Asia. Its diversity showcases the amalgamation of different architectural styles, influenced by local traditions and historical contexts.
Innovation and Engineering: Islamic architects have been pioneers in various architectural innovations, including the development of geometric principles and advanced construction techniques. The soaring domes, intricate arches, and towering minarets demonstrate their mastery of engineering and design.
Timelessness: Islamic architecture has stood the test of time, with many structures dating back centuries yet still retaining their beauty and functionality. This timelessness speaks to the enduring appeal and significance of Islamic architectural principles.
Overall, Islamic architecture continues to fascinate people worldwide, serving as a testament to the ingenuity, creativity, and cultural richness of the Islamic civilization.
Bytheendofthe5th centuryAD,Romehadcompletelydeclined.Ithad beensackedtwiceandwasthenunderoccupation.
ItsinfluencewassignificantlyreducedandtheImpetusfor architecturalinnovationshiftedtotheByzantineEmpire.
This shift also marks the movement from early Christian civilizationtothe Byzantinecivilization.
UndertheByzantineEmperorJustinian,theByzantinestyleof architectureevolved.
Hisinterestinchurchbuildingledtothediscoveryofthegroinvault. .andtheevolutionof theByzantinestyle.
History of Architecture 1
Report by: Ampil + Faustino
De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde
School of Design & Arts
Architecture Program
1st Term S.Y. 2016-17
December 2016
HISTORY: Philippines, and Architecture, into the 21st Century Context (PART 2)ArchiEducPH
History of Architecture 4
Report by: SR
De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde
School of Design & Arts
Architecture Program
1st Term S.Y. 2016-17
December 2016
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2. Islamic Architecture
-Includes a wider range of secular and religious
styles from the foundation of Islam to the present
day
-Owes its origin to similar structures in Roman,
Byzantine and Persian lands (which the Muslims
conquered in the 7th and 8th centuries)
-East - It was influenced by Chinese and Indian
architectures as Islam spread to Southeast Asia
3. Islamic Architecture
-Principal Islamic Architectural types:
-The Mosque
-The Tomb
-The Palace
-The Fort
-Some scholars believe there is no connection
between Islam and architecture
5. Influences
Dome of the Rock
-one of the most important buildings in Islamic
architecture
-patterned after the nearby Church of the Holy
Sepulchre
-Byzantine Christian artists were employed to make
its elaborate mosaics against a golden background
-features interior vaulted spaces, circular dome, use
of stylised repeating decorative arabesque patterns
7. Influences-horseshoe arch - popular feature
-Some say the Muslims got this from the
Visigoths in Spain but they might have gotten it
from Syria and Persia (where it was used by the
Byzantines as early as the 5th century)
-Umayyads accentuated the curvature of the
horseshoe after the Moorish invasion of Spain
8. Influences
The Great Mosque of Damascus
-built on the site of basilica of John the Baptist
after the the Islamic invasion of Damascus
-bears a great resemblance to 6th and 7th
century Christian basilicas
-to fit Islamic style of prayer, the structure was
expanded along the transversal axis
10. Influences
-Abbasid architecture in Iraq (shown in the Fortress of Al-
Ukhaidir) demonstrated the ―the despotic and the pleasure-
loving character of the dynasty‖ due to its grand size but
cramped living quarters
-Great Mosque of Kairouan (in Tunisia)
-considered the ancestor of all the mosques in the western
Islamic world
-original marble columns and sculptures were of Roman
workmanship brought in from Carthage
-is constituted of a massive square minaret, a large
courtyard surrounded by porticos and a huge hypostyle
prayer hall covered on its axis by two cupolas
12. Influences
-The Hagia Sophia (Istanbul) also influenced
Islamic architecture
-Ottomans captured city from the Byzantines
-converted the basilica to a mosque (now a
museum)
-incorporated Byzantine architectural elements
into their own work (e.g. domes)
14. Influences
-Domes are a major structural
feature of Islamic architecture
-distinctive pointed domes of
Islamic architecture, also
originating with the
Byzantines and Persians
have remained a
distinguishing feature of
mosques into the 21st century
15. Influences
-Distinguishing motifs
-ordered repetition
-radiating structures
-rhythmic and metric patterns
-Fractal geometry = key utility
-Other significant features include columns, piers
and arches, organized and interwoven with
alternating sequences of niches and colonnettes
17. Assimilation of earlier traditions
-influenced by two different ancient traditions:
Western
-regions of the newly conquered Byzantine
Empire supplied architects, masons, mosaicists
and other craftsmen to the new Islamic rulers
-artisans - trained in Byzantine architecture and
decorative arts and continued building in
Byzantine style (developed out of Hellenistic
and ancient Roman architecture)
18. Assimilation of earlier traditions
Eastern
-Mesopotamia and Persia kept their independent
architectural traditions which came from Sasanian
architecture and its predecessors
19. Paradise Garden
-Gardens and water played an essential role in
Islamic culture
-often compared to the garden of Paradise
-comparison originates from the Achaemenid Empire
-classical form of the Persian Paradise garden, or the
Charbagh, comprises a rectangular irrigated space
with elevated pathways, which divide the garden into
four sections of equal size
21. Courtyard (sehan)
CHARACTERISTICS:
-is in within almost every mosque in Islamic
architecture.
-are open to the sky and surrounded on all sides by
structures with halls and rooms, and often a shaded
semi-open arcade.
-usually feature a centrally positioned ritual cleansing
pool under an open domed pavilion called a howz.
USE:
•for performing ablutions, and a 'patio' for rest or
gathering.
23. Hypostyle Hall
-Hypostyle - open hall supported by columns
combined with a reception hall set at a right angle to
the main hall
-originates from the Roman-style basilica with an
adjacent courtyard surrounded by colonnades, like
Trajan’s forum in Rome
-hypostyle hall is the main feature of the hypostyle
mosque
25. Vaulting
-Follows two distinct architectural styles:
-Whilst Umayyad architecture continues Syrian
traditions of the 6th and 7th century
-Eastern Islamic architecture was mainly
influenced by Sasanian styles and forms.
31. Vaulting - Islamic West
Arcades of the Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba
CHARACTERISTICS:
basic architectural design was changed:
•Horseshoe arches were now upper row of arcades
•the vaults above the mihrab wall are constructed as
ribbed vaults.
•the ribs intersect one another off-center, forming an
eight-pointed star in the center which is superseded by
a pendentive dome.
33. Vaulting - Islamic West
Arcades of the Aljafería of Zaragoza
CHARACTERISTICS:
•eight-ribbed dome
•ribbed dome was further developed in the Maghreb
34. Vaulting
ISLAMIC EAST
•The system of squinches in the upper angles of a square
room to form a base to receive
an octagonal or spherical dome, was already known
in Sasanian architecture.
•The spherical triangles of the squinches were split up
into further subdivisions of niches, resulting in an
interplay of supporting structures forming an
ornamental spatial pattern which hides the weight of the
structure.
36. Vaulting
ISLAMIC EAST
Main Characteristics
1. Four intersecting ribs, at times redoubled and
intersected to form an eight-pointed star;
2. the omission of a transition zone between the vault
and the supporting structure;
3. a central dome or roof lantern on top of the ribbed
vault.
37. Vaulting
•a significant feature of many mosques and of
the Taj Mahal in the 17th century
•remained a distinguishing feature of mosques into
the 21st century
Domes
Schematic drawing of a
pendentive dome
38. Vaulting
•Hagia Sophia
-the ribs and shell of the dome unite in a central
medallion at the apex of the dome
-the upper ends of the ribs being integrated into
the shell
-Shell and ribs form one single structural entity
Central domes of the Hagia Sophia
39. Muqarnas
-developed in northeastern
Iran and the Maghreb around
the middle of the 10th
century.
-created by the geometric
subdivision of a vaulting
structure into miniature,
superimposed pointed-arch
substructures, also known as
"honeycomb", or "stalactite"
vaults
Muqarnas in the
Alhambra
40. Muqarnas
-made from different
materials like stone, brick,
wood or stucco,
-Islamic West- used to
adorn outside of a dome,
cupola or similar structure
-Islamic East- more limited
to the interior face of a
vault
Muqarnas in the
necropolis of Shah-i-
Zinda, Samarqand
41. Ornaments
--Uses ornaments that are mathematically complicated,
elaborate geometric and interlace patterns, floral motifs
like the arabesque, and elaborate calligraphic inscriptions
Example: Calligraphic inscriptions on the Dome of the
Rock include quotes from the Quran — miracle of Jesus
and his human nature