Islamic architecture developed after the rise of Islam in the 7th century and includes both secular and religious structures. Some key features of Islamic architecture include minarets, domes and cupolas, arches, courtyards, and the mihrab niche indicating the direction of Mecca. Major early centers of Islamic architecture include mosques in Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, Cairo, and Córdoba. Stylistic traditions developed in regions including Turkey, Persia, India, and Spain.
this PowerPoint presentation contains all you should know about Islamic architecture. this features the history, architectural character, examples of Islamic structures, and the contemporary Islamic architects. Best for architecture students studying History of Architecture 3.
Islamic Architecture from early Medieval to Ottoman: It encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day. What today is known as Islamic architecture was influenced by Roman, Byzantine and all other lands which the Muslims conquered in the 7th and 8th centuries.
COMMON INTERPRETATIONS OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
D
OME OF ROCK , JERUSALAM
•
G
REAT MOSQUE OF SAMARA AND CORODB DB A
•
UMMAYAD MOSQUE (GRAND MOSQUE OF DAMASCUS)
•
MADRASSA
•
MADRASSA OF SULTAN
this PowerPoint presentation contains all you should know about Islamic architecture. this features the history, architectural character, examples of Islamic structures, and the contemporary Islamic architects. Best for architecture students studying History of Architecture 3.
Islamic Architecture from early Medieval to Ottoman: It encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day. What today is known as Islamic architecture was influenced by Roman, Byzantine and all other lands which the Muslims conquered in the 7th and 8th centuries.
COMMON INTERPRETATIONS OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
D
OME OF ROCK , JERUSALAM
•
G
REAT MOSQUE OF SAMARA AND CORODB DB A
•
UMMAYAD MOSQUE (GRAND MOSQUE OF DAMASCUS)
•
MADRASSA
•
MADRASSA OF SULTAN
Lecture-2 (Islamic Architecture) complete for display.pptUsamaShaheer1
This slide tells about Islamic Architecture in detail.
Islamic Architecture is very important according to the architect's point of view, thus an idea is given here.
MINBAR
Platform in a mosque, placed next to the mihrab. The minbar is used with the khutba, the Friday sermon, and the khatib (the person performing the Friday sermon) ascends it.
History of Architecture 2 class
Report by: Group 1 (Leader: Quinto)
Central Colleges of the Philippines
College of Architecture
2nd Semester S.Y. 2015-16
December 2015
Islamic architecture captivates people for several reasons:
Intricate Design: Islamic architecture is renowned for its intricate and elaborate designs, characterized by geometric patterns, arabesques, and calligraphy. These designs often adorn mosques, palaces, and other structures, creating visually stunning environments.
Spiritual Significance: Many are drawn to the spiritual symbolism embedded in Islamic architecture, especially in mosques. The grandeur of these buildings often evokes a sense of awe and reverence, providing a space for worship and reflection.
Cultural Heritage: Islamic architecture reflects the rich cultural heritage of various regions across the Islamic world, spanning from Spain to Southeast Asia. Its diversity showcases the amalgamation of different architectural styles, influenced by local traditions and historical contexts.
Innovation and Engineering: Islamic architects have been pioneers in various architectural innovations, including the development of geometric principles and advanced construction techniques. The soaring domes, intricate arches, and towering minarets demonstrate their mastery of engineering and design.
Timelessness: Islamic architecture has stood the test of time, with many structures dating back centuries yet still retaining their beauty and functionality. This timelessness speaks to the enduring appeal and significance of Islamic architectural principles.
Overall, Islamic architecture continues to fascinate people worldwide, serving as a testament to the ingenuity, creativity, and cultural richness of the Islamic civilization.
Lecture-2 (Islamic Architecture) complete for display.pptUsamaShaheer1
This slide tells about Islamic Architecture in detail.
Islamic Architecture is very important according to the architect's point of view, thus an idea is given here.
MINBAR
Platform in a mosque, placed next to the mihrab. The minbar is used with the khutba, the Friday sermon, and the khatib (the person performing the Friday sermon) ascends it.
History of Architecture 2 class
Report by: Group 1 (Leader: Quinto)
Central Colleges of the Philippines
College of Architecture
2nd Semester S.Y. 2015-16
December 2015
Islamic architecture captivates people for several reasons:
Intricate Design: Islamic architecture is renowned for its intricate and elaborate designs, characterized by geometric patterns, arabesques, and calligraphy. These designs often adorn mosques, palaces, and other structures, creating visually stunning environments.
Spiritual Significance: Many are drawn to the spiritual symbolism embedded in Islamic architecture, especially in mosques. The grandeur of these buildings often evokes a sense of awe and reverence, providing a space for worship and reflection.
Cultural Heritage: Islamic architecture reflects the rich cultural heritage of various regions across the Islamic world, spanning from Spain to Southeast Asia. Its diversity showcases the amalgamation of different architectural styles, influenced by local traditions and historical contexts.
Innovation and Engineering: Islamic architects have been pioneers in various architectural innovations, including the development of geometric principles and advanced construction techniques. The soaring domes, intricate arches, and towering minarets demonstrate their mastery of engineering and design.
Timelessness: Islamic architecture has stood the test of time, with many structures dating back centuries yet still retaining their beauty and functionality. This timelessness speaks to the enduring appeal and significance of Islamic architectural principles.
Overall, Islamic architecture continues to fascinate people worldwide, serving as a testament to the ingenuity, creativity, and cultural richness of the Islamic civilization.
An introductory presentation about Islamic Art History, focusing on the Islamic architecture aesthetics throughout different eras and geographical locations.
This presentation has been presented as a part of Art History 1 course at Universiti Malaysia Sabah in Malaysia.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. INTRODUCTION
• Islamic architecture can be define as a building traditions of Muslim populations
of the Middle East and any countries where Islam has been dominant from the
7th century onwards.
• Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles
from the foundation of Islam to the present day.
• The principal Islamic architectural types are:
the Mosque
the Tomb
the Palace and
the Fort
3.
4. HISTORY
DATE FOUNDED : A.D. 622
PLACE FOUNDED :MECCA, SAUDI ARABIA
FOUNDER :MOHAMMED(BORN C.570), A TRADE MERCHANT FROM ARABIA
ADHERENTS :1.3 BILLION
SIZE RANK :SECOND LARGEST IN THE WORLD
MAIN LOCATION :MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
SACRED TEXT :QUR’AN(KORAN)
5. SPREAD OF ISLAM
• IN MECCA
• IN 632 A.D.
ISLAM IS
FOUNDED BY
MOHAMMED
• TO PALESTINE,
EGYPT, PERSIA
• SUNNIS AND SHI’S
DEVELOPED
MOHAMMED
DIED AND ISLAM
SPREADED • TO NORTH AND
WEST AFRICA
• TO CORODOBA AND
GRANADA IN SPAIN
AND ALSO TO
SICILY
ISLAM EXPANDED TO
AFRICA AND EUROPE
6. ELEMENTS
Islamic architecture may be identified with the following design elements, which were
inherited from the first mosque built byr hall (originally a feature of the Masjid al-
Nabawi):
• Minarets or towers
• A four-iwan plan
• Mihrab
• Arches
• Courtyards(sahn)
• Prayer area hall
• Domes and cupolas
7. ELEMENTS
• Central fountains used
for ablutions (once used as
a wudu area for Muslims).
• The use of Islamic geometric
patterns and foliage
based arabesques.
• The use of decorative Islamic
calligraphy instead
of pictures which
were haram (forbidden) in
mosque architecture. Note
that in secular architecture,
human and animal
representation was indeed
present.
8. MINARETS
• Minarets or towers these were originally used as torch-lit watchtowers, as seen in
the Great Mosque of Damascus; hence the derivation of the word from the Arabic nur,
meaning "light".
• Different types of minarets are as follows:
1. Iraq
2. Morocco
3. Turkey
4. India
5. Egypt
6. Asia
9. Four Iwan Plan
• The 11th century shows the
emergence of new form: the
four-iwan mosque.
• An iwan is a vaulted space that
opens on one side to a
courtyard.
• The iwan developed in pre-
Islamic Iran where it was used
in monumental and imperial
architecture.
• Strongly associated with
Persian architecture, the iwan
continued to be used in
monumental architecture in
the Islamic era.
10. Mihrab
Mihrab or prayer niche on an
inside wall indicating the
direction to Mecca.
The drawings alongside gives us
an idea about the plan, elevation
and sections of a typical Mihrab
in Islamic Architecture.
11. Arches
• Arches are the structure
that spans a space while
supporting weight.
• The most important form
of opening was the pointed
arch which were principally
two and four centered. Diagram showing an example of
a two-centred arch.
Diagram showing a four-centred
arch
12. Courtyards(sahn)
• Is a fundamental feature
and can be seen as different
variations.
• According to their function
the courtyards were
cloistered and arcaded and
the sides were punctuated
with gateways, prayer
chambers or arched
porches (iwans).
15. Materials
• The countries into which Islam first expanded were already rich in building
tradition and the important techniques of exploitation of natural resources for
building works and trade in building materials had long been established.
• Brick making and walling was almost universal in the alluvial plains; MARBLE
was generically available as an article of trade.
• Building to the stone occur in variety.
• There was a long tradition of CERAMIC production, use of GYPSUM PLASTER,
GLASS manufacture and the various forms of METALWORKS for building.
16. ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IN SAUDI ARABIA
Islamic tradition attributes the beginning
of Mecca to Ishmael's descendants.
17. Medina
• The great mosque of
prophet muhammad.
• It is rebuilt in stone with a
colonnade on the kiblawall.
• It consists of prophet’s
tomb.
18. Kaaba
• Built in 16th century, it
consists of an arcade
slightly oblong in plan.
Technical drawing of Kaaba, Mecca
19. Materials Used For Construction
• bricked structure with granite cladding,
• white marble base,
• meteorite black stone
21. PALESTINE
• Palestine was conquered by
the Islamic Empire,
beginning in 634 CE.
• The Dome of the Rock,
completed in 691, was the
world's first great work of
Islamic architecture.
23. Umayyad palaces represent early Islamic
architecture. They are spread throughout the
greater Levantine countryside in what today
extends into Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and
Palestine. They were primarily rural
settlements that often incorporated a
bathhouse, residential areas, a mosque, an
irrigation system that could sustain
agricultural activities and sometimes other
facilities such as a khan. It is speculated that
they were not used as permanent shelters,
perhaps functioning as stations on a caravan
route, or as administrative outposts.
Umayyad Palaces
Hisham’s palace (e.g. of Umayyad palace) plan
24. EGYPT
The fatimid conquerors from
tunisia laid this city described
as the “gate of islam”.
Cairo is also known as the city
of thousand minarets.
The mosque of al-azhar is the
first marvelous building of the
fatimid dynasty of egypt. An
exquisite madrasa is attached
to it, which is one of the
world’s oldest universities.
Plan of al-azhar mosque.
25. ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IN PERSIA
Mosque at kufa
• Masjid-al-Azam located in Kūfa, Iraq,
is one of the earliest mosques in the
world. The mosque, built in the 7th
century, contains the remains of Muslim
ibn ‘Aqīl - first cousin ofHusayn ibn ‘Alī,
his companion Hānī ibn ‘Urwa, and the
revolutionary Mukhtār al-Thaqafī.
• The mosque contains nine sanctuaries
and four traditional locations. It has four
minarets and is served by five gates.
26. ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IN SPAIN
Cordoba: the great
mosque at Cordoba
• In planning the mosque, the
architects incorporated a
number of Roman columns with
choice capitals.
• Some of the columns were
already in the Gothic structure;
others were sent from various
regions of Iberia as presents
from the governors of provinces.
Ivory, jasper, porphyry, gold,
silver, copper, and brass were
used in the decorations.
Marvelous mosaics and azulejos
were designed.
27. ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IN TURKEY
Mosque of Rustem
Pasha, Istanbul
The Rüstem Pasha Mosque was
designed by Ottoman imperial
architect Mimar Sinan for the grand
vizier Rüstem Pasha.
Rüstem Pasha died in July 1561 and the
mosque was built after his death from
around 1561 until 1563. The mosque
complex hosts now a religious school.
28. Grand Mosque, Bursa
Ordered by Sultan Bayezid I,
the mosque was designed and built by
architect Ali Neccar in 1396–1399. It is
a large rectangular building, with
twenty domes arranged in four rows of
five that are supported by twelve
columns.
The mosque has two minarets.
29. BIBLOGRAPHY
• The Great Ages Of World Architecture By G.K. Hiraskar
• Wikipedia
• www.khanacademy.com