The document discusses Islamic architecture during the Mamluk Sultanate period in Egypt from 1250-1517 CE. It describes the two main Mamluk dynasties, the Bahri and Burji, and their patronage of art and architecture. Specific architectural complexes discussed include the Madrasa and Mausoleum of Sultan Hassan from 1356-1363 CE and the funerary complex of Sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay from 1472-1474 CE, considered one of the finest examples of late Mamluk architecture.
An introductory presentation about Islamic Art History, focusing on the Islamic architecture aesthetics throughout different eras and geographical locations.
This presentation has been presented as a part of Art History 1 course at Universiti Malaysia Sabah in Malaysia.
Islamic Architecture from early Medieval to Ottoman: It encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day. What today is known as Islamic architecture was influenced by Roman, Byzantine and all other lands which the Muslims conquered in the 7th and 8th centuries.
COMMON INTERPRETATIONS OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
D
OME OF ROCK , JERUSALAM
•
G
REAT MOSQUE OF SAMARA AND CORODB DB A
•
UMMAYAD MOSQUE (GRAND MOSQUE OF DAMASCUS)
•
MADRASSA
•
MADRASSA OF SULTAN
Ancient Egyptian Architecture and the a brief study of Rock cut grave to pyramid and there detailed analysis in terms of pyramid material and the shape with the old kingdome to new kingdome
An introductory presentation about Islamic Art History, focusing on the Islamic architecture aesthetics throughout different eras and geographical locations.
This presentation has been presented as a part of Art History 1 course at Universiti Malaysia Sabah in Malaysia.
Islamic Architecture from early Medieval to Ottoman: It encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day. What today is known as Islamic architecture was influenced by Roman, Byzantine and all other lands which the Muslims conquered in the 7th and 8th centuries.
COMMON INTERPRETATIONS OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
D
OME OF ROCK , JERUSALAM
•
G
REAT MOSQUE OF SAMARA AND CORODB DB A
•
UMMAYAD MOSQUE (GRAND MOSQUE OF DAMASCUS)
•
MADRASSA
•
MADRASSA OF SULTAN
Ancient Egyptian Architecture and the a brief study of Rock cut grave to pyramid and there detailed analysis in terms of pyramid material and the shape with the old kingdome to new kingdome
The Dome of the Rock: is one of the most important monuments in Palestine. it is one of the places on which the prophet ascended on his journey of glamour and festival.it is therefore an important monument of the history of Islam architecture. Its features enhance its beauty, It also shows us how much attention they have taken towards king Ibn Marwan and others besides.
The Great Ottoman Architect - Mimar SinanMaryamArif28
Mimar Koca Sinan, the ''Great Architect Sinan'', was born in Anatolia, Turkey in 1489, he died in Istanbul in 1588. Generally, consider the greatest of all Ottoman architects, Sinan's career spanned about fifty years since he was appointed chief royal architect to the Ottoman court by Sultan Suleyman I in 1539
Samarqand, the Center of the World: where Alexander the Great and Tamerlane 'met'
ΑΝΑΔΗΜΟΣΙΕΥΣΗ ΑΠΟ ΤΟ ΣΗΜΕΡΑ ΑΝΕΝΕΡΓΟ ΜΠΛΟΓΚ “ΟΙ ΡΩΜΙΟΙ ΤΗΣ ΑΝΑΤΟΛΗΣ”
Το κείμενο του κ. Νίκου Μπαϋρακτάρη είχε αρχικά δημοσιευθεί την 16η Ιουνίου 2019.
Στο κείμενό του αυτό ο κ. Μπαϋρακτάρης αποδίδει περιληπτικά αλλά περιεκτικά την κοσμοϊστορική σημασία της Σαμαρκάνδης (Αφρασιάμπ), μιας πόλης γύρω από την οποία η Παγκόσμια Ιστορία περιστράφηκε για δύο χιλιετίες (500 πτεμ – 1500 τεμ) με πολύ πιο πολύπλευρο, αποφασιστικό και καταλυτικό τρόπο από όσο γύρω από οποιαδήποτε άλλη πόλη ή πρωτεύουσα του κόσμου. Παρουσιάζοντας αυτή την οπτική, ο κ. Μπαϋρακτάρης μεταφέρει στοιχεία από διάλεξη, την οποία έδωσα τον Ιανουάριο του 2016 στην Νουρσουλτάν (τότε Αστάνα) στην παρευρισκόταν μαζί με άλλους Γερμανούς, Ρωμιούς, Ρώσσους, Σομαλούς, Καζάκους, και Κινέζους φίλους.
First republished on 15th September 2021 here:
https://profmegalommatistextsingreek.wordpress.com/2021/09/15/σαμαρκάνδη-το-κέντρο-του-κόσμου-εκεί-π/
CHAPTER 6Central Islamic LandsFor reasons provided in .docxchristinemaritza
CHAPTER 6
Central Islamic Lands
For reasons provided in the Prologue to Part II of this vol-
ume, the presentation of the medieval arts in central Islamic-
lands has been divided into two sections.
The first section deals with the rule of the Fatimid
dynasty, which began in Ifriqiya (present-day Tunisia)
around 908, moved its capital to Egypt in 969 under the
leadership of the brilliant caliph al-Mu
f
izz, and ruled from
there an area of shifting frontiers which, at its time of great-
est expanse, extended from central Algeria to northern
Syria, the middle Euphrates valley, and the holy places of
x\rabia. Its very diminished authority, affected by internal
dissensions and by the Crusades, was eliminated by Saladin
in 1 171. The dynasties dependent on them vanished from
North Africa by 11 59, while Sicily had been conquered by
the Normans in 1071.
The second section focuses on the art of the whole area in
the twelfth and thirteenth centuries (at least until 1260), but
only on its eastern part, essentially the Mesopotamian val-
ley, in the eleventh. Several interlocking dynasties were
involved in struggles and competitions which were as con-
stant as they are difficult to describe and to recall. The lands
of Iraq, the Jazira, Syria, Anatolia, Palestine, Egypt, Arabia,
and Yemen were a mosaic of feudal rules enriched by the
overall prosperity of the area, much involved in the elimina-
tion of the Crusaders' states, and largely committed to the
revival of Sunnism and the destruction of what they consid-
ered to be a Shi ite heresy. Although ideological opponents
of the Fatimids, these feudal rulers shared with them both
taste and material culture, and the visual distinctions
between the arts of the two realms is not always easy to
demonstrate.
part 1
The Fatimids in Egypt, Palestine, and Syria
The arts of this period of some 250 years are difficult to
define on account of regional differences and of the growing
complexity of Fatimid contacts with the rest of the Muslim
world, the Christian West, Byzantium, and even India and
China. The Fatimid era is North African, Egyptian, Syrian,
and Arabian; but it is also Mediterranean and pan-Islamic.'
Politically, and in many ways culturally and artistically,
Fatimid power and wealth were at their highest before the
middle of the eleventh century. Shortly after 1050, however,
in the middle of the long reign of the caliph al-Mustansir
(1036-94), financial difficulties, famines, droughts, and
social unrest led to two decades of internal confusion out of
which order was not re-established until the 1070s. At the
same time, in North Africa, an attempt by local Berber
dynasties to shake off Shi'ite allegiance led to a new invasion
by Arab tribesmen and to a thorough change of economic
and political structure,
2
as Tunisia and western Algeria lost
much of their agricultural wealth and entered by the twelfth
century into a western rather than eastern Islamic and
Mediterranean cultural sphere. Dur ...
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
Malmuks - Lecture 10
1. Jordan University of Science and Technology
College of Architecture and Design
Department of Architecture
Islamic Architecture
Mamluks
Islamic Architecture
Dr. Raed Al Tal
2. The Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517) emerged from the
weakening of the Ayyubid realm in Egypt and Syria (1250–60).
Ayyubid sultans depended on slave (Arabic: mamluk, literally
"owned," or slave) soldiers for military organization, yet
mamluks of Qipchaq Turkic origin eventually overthrew the last
Ayyubid sultan in Egypt, al-Malik al-Ashraf (r. 1249–50) and
established their own rule.
3. Mamluk history is divided into two periods based on
different dynastic lines: the Bahri Mamluks (1250–1382) of
Qipchaq Turkic origin from southern Russia, named after
the location of their barracks on the Nile (al-bahr, literally
"the sea," a name given to this great river),
and the Burji Mamluks (1382–1517) of Caucasian
Circassian origin, who were quartered in the citadel (al-
burj, literally "the tower"). After receiving instruction in
Arabic, the fundamentals of Islam, and the art of warfare,
slaves in the royal barracks were manumitted and given
responsibilities in the Mamluk hierarchy
4. Art and Architecture under the Bahri Mamluks (1250–1382)
The Bahri reign defined the art and architecture of the entire
Mamluk period.
Prosperity generated by the east-west trade in silks and spices
supported the Mamluks' generous patronage.
Despite periods of internal struggle, there was tremendous artistic
and architectural activity, developing techniques established by
the Ayyubids and integrating influences from different parts of the
Islamic world.
Refugees from east and west contributed to the momentum
5. Mamluk decorative arts
especially enameled and gilded glass,
inlaid metalwork, woodwork,
and textiles
were prized around the Mediterranean as well as in Europe,
where they had a profound impact on local production.
The influence of Mamluk glassware on the Venetian glass
industry is only one such example.
11. Madrasa & Mausoleum Complex of Sultan Hassan
1356-63
The founder of this monument was Sultan Hassan, the son of
the great Mamluk Sultan, Al Nasser Mohamed Ibn (son of)
Qalawoun.
Sultan Hassan actually ruled Egypt twice. The first time was in
1347 when he was only 13 years old, but he was dethroned by
the other Mamluk princes and generals.
His second rule of Egypt began in 1356 and lasted until 1361.
He was not a glorious and impressive sultan, but more of a
puppet manipulated by powerful amirs, such as Amir
Sarghatmish.
12. Plan of the Sultan Hassan Mosque and Madrasa
This mosque is also considered one of the largest mosques
at the time.
It is a massive structure measuring some 150 meters long
and 36 meters high.
It's tallest minaret is 68 meters tall.
It was meant to house some four hundred students.
Work was begun on the Mosque in 1356,
13. The mosque is free standing and has three facades. The fourth,
western side has a large commercial complex and other
dependencies belonging to the waqf (foundation) of Sultan
Hassan which financed the foundation.
Originally, the dome, which is not the original one, was
described as spherical, built of wood and covered with lead as
in the dome of Imam Shafi'i.
The current dome is more recent and is considered a
misinterpretation of the original design.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25. Art and Architecture under the Burji Mamluks (1382–
1517)
The Burji Mamluk sultans followed the artistic traditions
established by their Bahri predecessors.
Although the state was faced with its greatest external and
internal threats in the early fifteenth century, including the
devastation of the eastern Mediterranean provinces by the
Central Asian conqueror Timur (Tamerlane; r. 1370–1405),
as well as famine, plague, and civil strife in Egypt, patronage
of art and architecture resumed.
26. n the second half of the fifteenth century, the arts thrived under
the patronage of Qa’itbay (r. 1468–96), the greatest of the later
Mamluk sultans.
During his reign,
The shrines of Mecca and Medina were extensively restored.
Major cities were endowed with commercial buildings, religious
foundations, and bridges.
In Cairo, the complex of Qa’itbay in the Northern Cemetery
(1472–74) is the best known and admired structure of this
period.
Apart from his own patronage, Qa’itbay encouraged high-
ranking officials and influential emirs to build as well.
27. Mamluk textiles and carpets were prized in international trade.
In architecture, endowed public and pious foundations continued
to be favored.
Major commissions in the early Burji period in Egypt included
the complexes built by Barquq (r. 1382–99), Faraj (r. 1399–
1412), Mu’ayyad Shaykh (r. 1412–21), and Barsbay (r. 1422–
38).
28. Complex of Sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay
The funerary complex of Sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay is an
architectural complex built by Sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay in
Cairo's Northern Cemetery, completed in 1474.
It is often considered one of the most beautiful and
accomplished monuments of late Egyptian Mamluk
architecture, and is pictured on the Egyptian one pound note
29. The central floor also features elaborate polychrome patterned marble but is
usually covered by carpets
The hall is richly decorated in stone-carving, painted wooden ceilings and coloured
windows.
The mihrab is relatively modest but the wooden minbar is richly carved with
geometric patterns and inlaid with ivory and mother-of-pearl.
The wooden lantern ceiling above the central space is notable for its carving and
painted pattern but is a restoration work and not the original
30.
31.
32. The minaret stands above the entrance on the western side and is exquisitely carved
in stone, divided into three stories with elaborately carved balconies.
33. The outer dome of the mausoleum demonstrates an evolution from the stone
domes built earlier and nearby by Sultan Barsbay and others: it is often cited as
the apogee of Mamluk dome design in Cairo due to its complex stone-carved
decorative pattern
34.
35.
36.
37. the entrance portal is enhanced by a high
elaborate groin-vaulted recess with
muqarnas squinches.