This document provides an overview of Islamic architecture from the 7th century to 1600 AD. It discusses the main types of Islamic buildings like mosques, madrasas, hammams, and caravanserais. It then focuses on the architectural features of mosques, including mashrabiya, mihrab, sahn, minarets, domes, and others. Examples of famous global mosques are given, like the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul and the Sheikh Zayed Mosque in Dubai. Key details about their designs, construction histories, and unique architectural elements are summarized.

1. History of Architecture
Topic : Islamic global
Submitted to:
Ar. Abhishek shrivastav
Submitted by:
Md shahid asgar

2. Introduction
• Islamic architecture (622 – 1600 AD )
Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles
from the early history of Islam to the present day for today it is known as Islamic
architecture was influenced by Roman, Byzantine, Persian and all other lands which
the Muslims conquered in the 7th and 8th centuries.

3. Types of Islamic architecture
•Mosque : Muslim center place for worship.
•Madrasah : public school.
•Hammam : A structural design for a hot bathhouse.
•Caravanserai : A roadside inn for travellers.
•Casbah/Citadel : a fortress.
•Mausoleum : a tomb or a monument.

4. Mosque
• A mosque is a place of worship for muslim.
• Many mosques have elaborate domes, minarets, and prayer halls, in
varying styles of architecture. Mosques originated on the Arabian
Peninsula, but are now found in all inhabited continents.

5. Mosque Architectural features
• Mashrabiya
• Mihrab
• Sahn
• Minaret
• Dome
• Dikka
• Mimbar
• Muqarnas
• Arch
• Praying area hall

6. Mashrabiya :
• projecting window enclosed with carved wood lattice work.

9. Mihrab
• Mihrab is a semicircular niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the
qibla; that is, the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca and hence the direction
that Muslims should face when praying. The wall in which a mihrab appears
is thus the "qibla wall".

12. sahn
• A sahn is a courtyard in Islamic architecture.
• Most traditional mosques have a large central sahn, which is surrounded
by a riwaq or arcade on all sides. In traditional Islamic design, residences
and neighborhoods can have private sahn.

14. Minaret
• visual focal point and are
used for the call to prayer

16. Dome
• A dome is an architectural
element that resembles the
hollow upper half of a sphere.
The precise definition has been a
matter of controversy. ... Dome
structures were popular in
Byzantine and medieval Islamic
architecture, and there are
numerous examples from
Western Europe in the Middle
Ages.

18. Dikka
• Dikka is a term in Muslim
architecture for a tribune raised
upon columns from which the
Quran is recited and prayers are
intoned by the imam of a
mosque.

20. Mimbar
• A pulpit where imam deliver
khurtba .

22. Muqarnas
• It is a form of ornamented vaulting in Islamic architecture, the
"geometric subdivision of a squinch, or cupola, or corbel, into a large
number of miniature squinches, producing a sort of cellular
structure", sometimes also called a "honeycomb" vault.

25. Arch

26. Lancet arch

27. Round arch

28. Segmental arch

29. Horshoe arch

30. Shouldered arch

31. Trefoil arch

32. Tudor arch

33. Ogee arch

34. Moorish multifoil arch

35. Praying area hall

37. Islamic decorative element

38. Calligraphy
• Calligraphic design is omnipresent in Islamic art, where, as in Europe
in the Middle Ages, religious exhortations, including Qur'anic verses,
may be included in secular objects, especially coins, tiles and
metalwork, and most painted miniatures include some script, as do
many buildings. Use of Islamic calligraphy in architecture extended
significantly outside of Islamic territories.

42. carpet

44. Ceramic
• Islamic art has very notable achievements in ceramics, both in pottery
and tiles for walls, which in the absence of wall-paintings were taken to
heights unmatched by other cultures.

46. Tiling
• The earliest grand Islamic buildings, like the Dome of the Rock, in
Jerusalem had interior walls decorated with mosaics in the Byzantine
style, but without human figures. From the 9th century onwards the
distinctive Islamic tradition of glazed and brightly coloured tiling for
interior and exterior walls and domes developed.

50. Arabesque (islimi)
• Arabesque designs are biomorphic, floral patterns representing the
underlying order and unity of nature with a great deal of accuracy.
flowers and trees might be used as the motifs for the decoration of
textiles, objects and buildings.

53. Some global mosques

54. Sultan Ahmed Mosque
• The Sultan Ahmet Mosque (Turkish: Sultan Ahmet Camii) is a historic
mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey. A popular tourist site, the Sultan
Ahmed Mosque continues to function as a mosque today.
• The Blue Mosque, as it is popularly known, was constructed between
1609 and 1616 during the rule of Ahmed I. It contains Ahmed's tomb, a
madrasah and a hospice. Hand-painted blue tiles adorn the mosque’s
interior walls, and at night the mosque is bathed in blue as lights frame
the mosque’s five main domes, six minarets and eight secondary
domes.It sits next to the Hagia Sophia, another popular tourist site.

55. History
• After the Peace of Zsitvatorok and the crushing loss in the 1603–18
war with Persia, Sultan Ahmet I, decided to build a large mosque in
Istanbul to reassert Ottoman power. It would be the first imperial
mosque for more than forty years. While his predecessors had paid
for their mosques with the spoils of war, Ahmet I procured funds from
the Treasury, because he had not gained remarkable victories. The
construction was started in 1609 and not completed until 1617.

56. Architecture
• The Sultan Ahmed Mosque has five main domes, six minarets, and
eight secondary domes.
• It incorporates some Byzantine Christian elements of the neighboring
Hagia Sophia with traditional Islamic architecture and is considered to
be the last great mosque of the classical period.
• It has a forecourt and special area for ablution. In the middle it has a
big fountain. On the upper side it has a big chain. The upper area is
made up of 20000 ceramic tiles each having 60 tulip designs. In the
lower area it has 200 stained glass windows.

57. Plan

66. Sheikh Zayed Mosque
• The largest mosque in Dubai. It is the key place of worship for daily
prayers, Friday gathering and Eid prayers. During Eid it may be visited
by more than 41,000 people.
• The Grand Mosque was constructed between 1996 and 2007. It was
designed by Syrian architect Yousef Abdelky. The building complex
measures approximately 290 m (960 ft) by 420 m (1,380 ft), covering
an area of more than 12 hectares (30 acres), excluding exterior
landscaping and vehicle parking.

67. Design and construction
• The design of the Sheikh Zayed Mosque has been inspired by Persian,
Mughal, and the Alexandrian Mosque of Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi
Mosque in Egypt, also the Indo-Islamic mosque architecture,
particularly the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore, Pakistan being direct
influences. The dome layout and floorplan of the mosque was
inspired by the Badshahi Mosque. Its archways are quintessentially
Moorish and its minarets classically Arab.

68. Key architectural features
• The Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque has many special and unique
elements: The carpet in the main prayer hall is considered to be the
world's largest carpet made by Iran's Carpet Company and designed
by Iranian artist Ali Khaliqi. This carpet measures 5,627 m2 and was
made by around 1,200-1,300 carpet knotters. The weight of this
carpet is 35 ton and is predominantly made from wool.

69. Plan

78. Thank you