IS 151 Lecture 10
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The document discusses different types of multivibrators including monostables, astables, and bistables. It focuses on bistables, specifically latches and flip-flops. Latches have two stable states, SET and RESET, and can remain in either state indefinitely. The document describes the basic S-R latch using NOR or NAND gates and explains how the outputs change based on the input signals. It also introduces the gated S-R latch which only changes state when the enable signal is high.
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Sequential circuits
A sequential circuit consists of combinational logic, a feedback path, and memory elements. The memory element remembers values and can change values based on inputs. It also has a clock input that provides timing for state changes. The feedback path allows the circuit to have memory, with state changes controlled by the clock. Common memory elements include latches and flip-flops. The SR latch is a basic memory element built from two cross-coupled NOR or NAND gates with set (S) and reset (R) inputs that control the output states.
Sequential circuits
Sequential circuits consist of combinational logic with feedback provided by storage elements like latches and flip-flops. There are two types of sequential circuits: asynchronous which depend on input signal order and are difficult to design, and synchronous which are defined by discrete clock pulses and are easier to design. Common storage elements include SR latches, D latches, and edge-triggered master-slave flip-flops which are used to build synchronous sequential circuits like RAM, ROM and other digital devices that can store a single bit.
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This document discusses counters in digital electronics. It begins by introducing counters as sequential circuits that increment their output value by one each clock cycle, wrapping back to 0 after their maximum count. There are two main types of counters: asynchronous and synchronous. Asynchronous counters have their flip-flops clocked one after another by the previous flip-flop's output, causing a ripple effect. Synchronous counters clock all flip-flops simultaneously using a common clock signal. Examples of 4-bit asynchronous and synchronous counters are also provided with their respective timing diagrams.
Sequential circuit
This document discusses sequential circuits and flip-flops. It describes the SR flip-flop, which has two inputs - S and R, and two outputs - Q and Q'. It can be configured with either active-high or active-low inputs. It then describes the D flip-flop, which has a single data input D and uses a clock signal to transfer the value of D to the output Q. Converting an SR flip-flop to a D flip-flop simply requires adding an inverter. Timing diagrams are provided to illustrate the behavior of the SR and D flip-flops over time.
12 latches
The document discusses sequential circuits and latches. It explains that sequential circuits have memory so their outputs depend not only on current inputs but also on the stored state. Latches are described as basic memory units that can store a single bit. Different types of latches like SR, D, and JK latches are presented along with their truth tables and operation. State diagrams are introduced as a way to represent sequential circuits. The use of latches with an ALU to increment a stored value is given as an example, but the timing issue of when to disable the latches is noted as a potential problem.
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Sequential logic circuits flip-flop pt 1
1) The document discusses sequential logic circuits and flip-flops. It defines sequential logic as circuits whose output depends on the previous inputs and states, requiring memory elements like flip-flops.
2) Flip-flops are described as basic memory storage elements that have two stable states and can be switched between them. Common types include SR, JK, D and T flip-flops.
3) SR and T flip-flops are discussed in detail. Their symbols, truth tables, and implementations using logic gates are presented. SR flip-flops can be built using NOR or NAND gates and can be set, reset, or held in state based on input conditions.
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This document discusses latches and flip-flops. It explains that gates perform logic operations while flip-flops can store binary values. There are two types of sequential logic circuits: combinational using gates and sequential using flip-flops like the SR, D, JK, and T flip-flops. Flip-flops change state based on clock pulses in synchronous circuits or independent of clocks in asynchronous circuits.
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The document discusses sequential circuits and latches. It explains that sequential circuits have memory so their outputs depend not only on current inputs but also on the stored state. Latches are described as basic memory units that can store a single bit. Different types of latches like SR, D, and JK latches are presented along with their truth tables and operation. State diagrams are introduced as a way to represent sequential circuits. The use of latches with an ALU to increment a stored value is given as an example, but the timing issue of when to disable the latches is noted as a potential problem.
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This presentation is about the sequential logic circuits, mainly concentrating on flip-flops and latches. A unique feature in this presentation is the incorporation of circuit images generated from Multisim software imparting practical knowledge to the users. This consists of both the active low and high versions of different circuits.
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1) The document discusses sequential logic circuits and flip-flops. It defines sequential logic as circuits whose output depends on the previous inputs and states, requiring memory elements like flip-flops.
2) Flip-flops are described as basic memory storage elements that have two stable states and can be switched between them. Common types include SR, JK, D and T flip-flops.
3) SR and T flip-flops are discussed in detail. Their symbols, truth tables, and implementations using logic gates are presented. SR flip-flops can be built using NOR or NAND gates and can be set, reset, or held in state based on input conditions.
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WHAT IS FLIP FLOP?
In digital circuits, the flip-flop, is a kind of bistable multivibrator.
It is a Sequential Circuits / an electronic circuit which has two stable states and thereby is capable of serving as one bit of memory , bit 1 or bit 0.
TYPES OF FLIP FLOPS:
1. SR Flip Flop
2. Clocked SR Flip Flop
3. JK Flip Flop
4. JK Flip Flop With Preset And Clear
5. T Flip Flop
6. D Flip Flop
USES OF FLIP FLOPS:
For Memory circuits
For Logic Control Devices
For Counter Devices
For Register Devices
SR FLIP FLOP
The most basic Flip Flop is called SR Flip Flop.
The basic RS flip flop is an asynchronous device.
In asynchronous device, the outputs is immediately changed anytime one or more of the inputs change just as in combinational logic circuits.
It does not operate in step with a clock or timing.
CLOCKED SR FLIP FLOP
Additional clock input is added to change the SR flipflop from an element used in asynchronous sequential circuits to one, which can be used in synchronous circuits.
The clocked SR flip flop logic symbol that is triggered by the PGT
Its means that the flip flop can change the output states only when clock signal makes a transition from LOW to HIGH.
JK FLIP FLOP
Another types of Flip flop is JK flip flop.
It differs from the RS flip flops when J=K=1 condition is not indeterminate but it is defined to give a very useful changeover (toggle) action.
Toggle means that Q and Q(compliment) will switch to their opposite states.
The JK Flip flop has clock input Cp and two control inputs J and K.
Operation of Jk Flip Flop is completely described by truth table
T FLIP FLOP
The T flip flop has only the Toggle and Hold Operation.
If Toggle mode operation. The output will toggle from 1 to 0 or vice versa.
D FLIP FLOP
Also Known as Data Flip flop
Can be constructed from RS Flip Flop or JK Flip flop by addition of an inverter.
Inverter is connected so that the R input is always the inverse of S (or J input is always complementary of K).
The D flip flop will act as a storage element for a single binary digit (Bit).
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This document discusses sequential and combinational circuits. Combinational circuits are made of logic gates and their outputs depend only on the current inputs. Sequential circuits contain memory elements like flip-flops in addition to combinational logic, so their outputs depend on current inputs and the circuit's previous state. There are two types of sequential circuits: synchronous use a clock signal to control state changes while asynchronous circuits change state directly in response to input changes.
latches
Latches are asynchronous electronic logic circuits with two stable output states. There are four main types of latches: D, T, SR, and JK latches. An SR latch has two inputs - SET (S) and RESET (R) - and two complementary outputs (Q and Q'). The state of the latch depends on whether input S or R is activated. A D latch similarly has one data input and two complementary outputs, but removes invalid states that can occur in an SR latch. Latches can be either active-high or active-low, depending on whether a high or low input triggers a state change.
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Latches continuously track inputs and can change output anytime, while flip-flops only change output on a clock signal. Common flip-flop types include SR, D, T, and JK. Counters are sequential circuits that cycle through a sequence of states on each clock pulse and are used to count events.
Flip flops
Flip flops are binary circuits that have two stable states and can store one bit of information. The main types of flip flops are RS, JK, D and T. An RS flip flop has two inputs called Set and Reset that control state transitions. A clocked RS flip flop incorporates a clock input to control the timing of state changes. It has a truth table with 16 cases that define the output for all input combinations. A D flip flop has a single data input and changes state only on the rising or falling edge of the clock. A JK flip flop's behavior is similar to an RS flip flop but it has separate inputs for setting and resetting, and it toggles its output if both
Flip flop
flip flop,introduction,types,. SR Flip Flop
a.SR Flip Flop Active Low = NAND gate Latch
b. SR Flip Flop Active High = NOR gate Latch
2. Clocked SR Flip Flop
3. JK Flip Flop
4. JK Flip Flop With Pre-set And Clear
5. T Flip Flop
6. D Flip Flop
7. Master-Slave Edge-Triggered Flip-Flop
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This document provides an overview of sequential circuits such as latches and flip-flops. It defines sequential circuits and explains that they produce outputs based on current and previous inputs. The basic types of latches and flip-flops are described as SR, D, JK, and T. Characteristics of synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits are also summarized. Common applications of sequential circuits include shift registers, counters, clocks, and storing temporary information in microprocessors. The document concludes by discussing specific sequential circuit components like SR latches, D flip-flops, and JK flip-flops in more detail.
Understanding Flip Flops
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Latches and flip flops
This document discusses latches and flip-flops. It describes the SR latch, gated SR latch, D latch, and gated D latch. It also covers edge-triggered flip-flops including the SR, D, and JK flip-flops. The key uses of flip-flops are for data storage, data transfer, counting, and frequency division in digital circuits and sequential logic.
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BE PPT (FLIP FLOPS)
ppt on flip flops
contents :
Made by : Dhanesh RK Nair
WHAT IS FLIP FLOP?
In digital circuits, the flip-flop, is a kind of bistable multivibrator.
It is a Sequential Circuits / an electronic circuit which has two stable states and thereby is capable of serving as one bit of memory , bit 1 or bit 0.
TYPES OF FLIP FLOPS:
1. SR Flip Flop
2. Clocked SR Flip Flop
3. JK Flip Flop
4. JK Flip Flop With Preset And Clear
5. T Flip Flop
6. D Flip Flop
USES OF FLIP FLOPS:
For Memory circuits
For Logic Control Devices
For Counter Devices
For Register Devices
SR FLIP FLOP
The most basic Flip Flop is called SR Flip Flop.
The basic RS flip flop is an asynchronous device.
In asynchronous device, the outputs is immediately changed anytime one or more of the inputs change just as in combinational logic circuits.
It does not operate in step with a clock or timing.
CLOCKED SR FLIP FLOP
Additional clock input is added to change the SR flipflop from an element used in asynchronous sequential circuits to one, which can be used in synchronous circuits.
The clocked SR flip flop logic symbol that is triggered by the PGT
Its means that the flip flop can change the output states only when clock signal makes a transition from LOW to HIGH.
JK FLIP FLOP
Another types of Flip flop is JK flip flop.
It differs from the RS flip flops when J=K=1 condition is not indeterminate but it is defined to give a very useful changeover (toggle) action.
Toggle means that Q and Q(compliment) will switch to their opposite states.
The JK Flip flop has clock input Cp and two control inputs J and K.
Operation of Jk Flip Flop is completely described by truth table
T FLIP FLOP
The T flip flop has only the Toggle and Hold Operation.
If Toggle mode operation. The output will toggle from 1 to 0 or vice versa.
D FLIP FLOP
Also Known as Data Flip flop
Can be constructed from RS Flip Flop or JK Flip flop by addition of an inverter.
Inverter is connected so that the R input is always the inverse of S (or J input is always complementary of K).
The D flip flop will act as a storage element for a single binary digit (Bit).
THANKS....!!!!
SOME MORE CONTENTS :
In electronics, a flip-flop or latch is a circuit that has two stable states and can be used to store state information. A flip-flop is a bistable multivibrator. The circuit can be made to change state by signals applied to one or more control inputs and will have one or two outputs. It is the basic storage element in sequential logic. Flip-flops and latches are fundamental building blocks of digital electronics systems used in computers, communications, and many other types of systems.
Flip-flops and latches are used as data storage elements. A flip-flop stores a single bit (binary digit) of data; one of its two states represents a "one" and the other represents a "zero". Such data storage can be used for storage of state, and such a circuit is described as sequential logic.
THANKS!!!!!!!!!!!
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This document provides an overview of synchronous sequential logic and storage elements such as latches and flip-flops. It discusses the differences between combinational and sequential circuits, and between synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits. Storage elements like latches and flip-flops are described, including SR latches, D latches, and edge-triggered D, JK, and T flip-flops. Characteristic tables and equations are presented for different flip-flop types. Timing parameters for flip-flops like setup time and hold time are also covered. The document is for a lecture on synchronous sequential logic given by Professor Jim Evangelos at Cecil College.
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The document discusses sequential logic and its functions. It describes different types of latches like SR latches, D latches, edge-triggered latches. It also covers asynchronous counters, registers, state machines and their working mechanisms. Various examples are provided to illustrate the working of sequential logic circuits like latches, flip-flops, counters.
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This document discusses sequential circuits and various flip flop circuits. It defines non-clocked and clocked flip flops, and describes positive and negative edge triggering. It provides diagrams, truth tables, and excitation tables for SR, D, JK, and T flip flops. Sequential circuits have memory and their output depends on present and past inputs.
Latches & flip flop
This document summarizes sequential circuits and their basic components - latches and flip-flops. It describes how latches like the SR, S'R', and D latches work based on inputs but no clock signal, while flip-flops like edge-triggered flip-flops change state based on the clock edge. Examples of additional flip-flop inputs like preset, clear and clock enable are provided to control the output independent of the clock. Asynchronous sequential circuits can override the clock input using preset and clear inputs to directly control the output states.
Sr Latch or Flip Flop
The document describes the workings of an SR latch circuit. An SR latch consists of two cross-coupled NOR or NAND gates with inputs named S (Set) and R (Reset). The circuit can be in one of two states: the set state where output Q=1 and Q'=0, or the reset state where Q=0 and Q'=1. When S=1 and R=0, the circuit enters the set state by forcing Q to 1 and Q' to 0. When R=1 and S=0, the circuit enters the reset state with Q=0 and Q'=1. Once set or reset, the state will be maintained even if the input changing it toggles again.
Sequential circuits in digital logic design
This document discusses sequential and combinational circuits. Combinational circuits are made of logic gates and their outputs depend only on the current inputs. Sequential circuits contain memory elements like flip-flops in addition to combinational logic, so their outputs depend on current inputs and the circuit's previous state. There are two types of sequential circuits: synchronous use a clock signal to control state changes while asynchronous circuits change state directly in response to input changes.
latches
Latches are asynchronous electronic logic circuits with two stable output states. There are four main types of latches: D, T, SR, and JK latches. An SR latch has two inputs - SET (S) and RESET (R) - and two complementary outputs (Q and Q'). The state of the latch depends on whether input S or R is activated. A D latch similarly has one data input and two complementary outputs, but removes invalid states that can occur in an SR latch. Latches can be either active-high or active-low, depending on whether a high or low input triggers a state change.
Sequentialcircuits
Sequential circuits have memory and their output depends on both the current inputs and past outputs. They contain combinational circuits and feedback loops using latches and flip-flops. There are two main types of sequential circuits - asynchronous which can change state anytime the inputs change, and synchronous which only change on a clock signal.
Latches continuously track inputs and can change output anytime, while flip-flops only change output on a clock signal. Common flip-flop types include SR, D, T, and JK. Counters are sequential circuits that cycle through a sequence of states on each clock pulse and are used to count events.
Flip flops
Flip flops are binary circuits that have two stable states and can store one bit of information. The main types of flip flops are RS, JK, D and T. An RS flip flop has two inputs called Set and Reset that control state transitions. A clocked RS flip flop incorporates a clock input to control the timing of state changes. It has a truth table with 16 cases that define the output for all input combinations. A D flip flop has a single data input and changes state only on the rising or falling edge of the clock. A JK flip flop's behavior is similar to an RS flip flop but it has separate inputs for setting and resetting, and it toggles its output if both
Flip flop
flip flop,introduction,types,. SR Flip Flop
a.SR Flip Flop Active Low = NAND gate Latch
b. SR Flip Flop Active High = NOR gate Latch
2. Clocked SR Flip Flop
3. JK Flip Flop
4. JK Flip Flop With Pre-set And Clear
5. T Flip Flop
6. D Flip Flop
7. Master-Slave Edge-Triggered Flip-Flop
The Used of Flip Flop:
FYBSC IT Digital Electronics Unit IV Chapter II Sequential Circuits- Flip-Flops
Sequential Circuits: Flip-Flop:
Introduction, Terminologies used, S-R flip-flop, D flip-fop, JK flipflop, Race-around condition, Master – slave JK flip-flop, T flip-flop, conversion from one type of flip-flop to another, Application of flipflops.
B sc cs i bo-de u-iv sequential circuit
This document discusses sequential logic circuits and memory elements such as latches and flip-flops. It describes different types of latches including the S-R latch, gated S-R latch, and gated D latch. It also covers various types of flip-flops including the S-R, D, J-K, and T flip-flops. It explains the differences between latches and flip-flops and their applications in synchronous and asynchronous logic circuits.
Sequential Logic Circuit
Sequential circuits consist of combinational logic and memory elements like latches and flip-flops. There are different types of latches and flip-flops that differ in their trigger mechanisms and outputs, including SR latches, D latches, and edge-triggered flip-flops like SR, D, and JK flip-flops. Asynchronous inputs can directly set or reset flip-flop outputs independent of the clock signal.
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This document defines sequential logic circuits and differentiates them from combinational logic circuits. It describes flip-flops, including SR and T flip-flops. It provides details on building SR and T flip-flops using logic gates, and includes their symbols and truth tables. The document focuses on the T flip-flop, providing its circuit diagram, explaining its toggle function, and including timing diagrams to demonstrate its behavior over multiple clock cycles.
Sequential circuits in Digital Electronics
The document explains about the concepts of sequential circuits in Digital electronics.
This will be helpful for the beginners in VLSI and electronics students.
Flipflop
This document contains lecture slides about flip-flops and registers used in digital electronics. It discusses various types of flip-flops including SR, JK, T and D flip-flops. It also covers how multiple flip-flops can be connected to form registers and how data can be transferred and shifted through registers. Parallel adders with accumulators are also summarized, which allow storing a number in a register and adding a second number to it.
SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS [Flip-flops and Latches]
This document provides an overview of sequential circuits such as latches and flip-flops. It defines sequential circuits and explains that they produce outputs based on current and previous inputs. The basic types of latches and flip-flops are described as SR, D, JK, and T. Characteristics of synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits are also summarized. Common applications of sequential circuits include shift registers, counters, clocks, and storing temporary information in microprocessors. The document concludes by discussing specific sequential circuit components like SR latches, D flip-flops, and JK flip-flops in more detail.
Understanding Flip Flops
A flip-flop is a basic component of computer memory that has two main states (0 or 1) and remains in that state even after the input is removed. There are two main types of flip-flops - NOR and NAND - which are made up of basic latch components. A latch uses feedback to remember its state, and flip-flops add a clock that controls when the latch can change states.
Latches and flip flops
This document discusses latches and flip-flops. It describes the SR latch, gated SR latch, D latch, and gated D latch. It also covers edge-triggered flip-flops including the SR, D, and JK flip-flops. The key uses of flip-flops are for data storage, data transfer, counting, and frequency division in digital circuits and sequential logic.
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Introduction to Sequential circuits and flip flops
Introduction to Sequential circuits and flip flops
FYBSC IT Digital Electronics Unit IV Chapter II Sequential Circuits- Flip-Flops
FYBSC IT Digital Electronics Unit IV Chapter II Sequential Circuits- Flip-Flops
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This document contains 5 questions related to binary, hexadecimal, and decimal number conversions as well as calculating memory size needed for storing a film. Question 1 asks to convert between base 10, 2, and 16. Question 2 asks for the ASCII code for a word. Question 3 asks to write decimal fractions in binary. Question 4 asks to write positive and negative numbers in 6-bit two's complement binary form. Question 5 asks to calculate the memory needed in gigabytes for a film with given frame size, bit depth, frame rate, and length.
IS 139 Assignment 2
This document provides instructions for an assignment in a class on the MARIE assembly language. Students must complete 4 programming problems in groups of at most 2 people by writing MARIE programs, assembling them, and testing them using a MARIE simulator. They are to submit a zip file of their assembly code for each question, which includes writing loops to multiply numbers with repeated addition, an if/else statement to multiply or subtract values of variables x and y, adding the first 10 numbers, and subtracting 2 numbers input from the keyboard.
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS- Boolean Algebra
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS- Boolean Algebra
Boolean identities
Boolean laws
Distributive law
Commutative law
Associative law
Absorption law
COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS & FLIP FLOPS
Combinational circuits are arrangements of logic gates with inputs and outputs. Flip-flops can store one bit and have two outputs, one for the stored value and its complement. Common types of flip-flops include SR, D, JK, and T flip-flops. SR flip-flops set or reset their output based on S and R inputs, while D flip-flops set their output based on the D input. Edge-triggered flip-flops change state on either the rising or falling edge of a clock signal.
Flip flops
Flip flops are basic digital memory elements that form the building blocks of sequential and combinational circuits. They have two stable states, logic 0 and logic 1. The document discusses different types of flip flops including latches, SR flip flops, D flip flops, JK flip flops, and T flip flops. It covers their triggering methods, excitation tables, state diagrams, and characteristic equations. Master-slave configuration is also described to avoid race-around conditions in flip flops.
Dee2034 chapter 4 flip flop for students part
This document discusses types of flip flops used in sequential circuits. It begins by introducing sequential circuits and flip flops. The most basic flip flop is the SR flip flop, which can be constructed using either NAND or NOR gates. The document describes the logic symbol, truth table, and operation of the SR flip flop. It then discusses clocked SR flip flops and other types of flip flops like JK and T flip flops. The document provides examples of determining the output of SR flip flops given different input waveforms. It concludes by introducing the clock signal which controls when outputs of clocked sequential circuits can change state.
Sequential circuit-Digital Electronics
This document discusses sequential circuits and memory elements. It explains that sequential circuits contain memory elements like latches and flip-flops that accept inputs and use previous outputs to produce new outputs. Common memory elements are S-R latches made from NOR or NAND gates, with truth tables defining their behavior. Clocked flip-flops like D and J-K flip-flops were introduced to control input storage using a clock signal.
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND LOGIC GATE
Boolean algebra and logic circuits were introduced. Boolean algebra uses binary numbers (0,1) and logical operations like AND, OR, and NOT to simplify logic expressions. Basic logic gates like AND, OR, and NOT were explained. Logic circuits can be built using combinations of logic gates to perform complex logical functions. Boolean algebra is used to simplify logic circuits and increase the efficiency of digital devices like computers.
Flip flop& RAM ROM
This document discusses sequential logic circuits and memory elements. It begins by introducing latches and flip-flops as basic memory elements in sequential circuits. It then describes different types of latches and flip-flops in more detail, including their structure, operation, and truth tables. The document also provides an overview of different types of computer memory, including RAM, ROM, cache memory, and virtual memory. It explains the basic characteristics and uses of each memory type.
Basic gates and boolean algebra
The document discusses digital electronics and Boolean algebra. It introduces basic logic operations such as AND, OR, and NOT. It then discusses additional logic operations like NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR. Truth tables are presented as a way to describe the functional behavior of Boolean expressions and logic circuits. Boolean expressions are composed of literals and logic operations. Boolean algebra laws and theorems can be used to simplify Boolean expressions, which allows for simpler circuit implementation.
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA
The document discusses Boolean algebra and digital logic circuits. It covers Boolean operators and functions, truth tables, logic gates, simplifying Boolean expressions, and combinational logic circuits such as half adders, full adders, decoders, and multiplexers. The goal is to understand how Boolean logic relates to digital computer systems and how simple logic gates can be combined to perform more complex functions.
B sc cs i bo-de u-ii logic gates
This document provides an overview of logic gates, Boolean algebra, and digital circuits. It defines basic logic gates like AND, OR, and NOT. It introduces Boolean algebra concepts such as binary variables, algebraic manipulation using laws and theorems, and canonical forms. Standard logic implementations including sum of products, product of sums, and universal gates using NAND and NOR are discussed. De Morgan's theorems and their application to logic gate equivalents are also covered.
Combinational Circuits & Sequential Circuits
This document discusses and compares combinational and sequential circuits. It provides examples of common combinational circuits like half adders, full adders, decoders, and multiplexers. It also discusses sequential circuits elements like flip flops and shift registers. The document then focuses on adders in more detail, explaining half adders, full adders, and ripple carry adders through diagrams and examples.
Flip flops, counters & registers
1. Flip-flops and latches are types of memory elements used in sequential circuits. Latches change state based on input levels while flip-flops change state only on the rising or falling edge of a clock signal.
2. Common types of latches include the SR latch and D latch. Common types of flip-flops include the D flip-flop, JK flip-flop, and T flip-flop. Each has a characteristic truth table that defines its operation.
3. Sequential circuits can be analyzed using state tables that define the next state based on the present state and inputs. The state is defined by the values stored in all memory elements of the circuit.
Combinational Circuits
Combinational logic circuits. How ALU & associated components are built using Half Adder, Full Adder, Ripple carry adder, Decoders, & Multiplexer
8.flip flops and registers
Flip flops are basic memory elements that store one bit of information as a 1 or 0. Common types include RS, D, JK, T, and master-slave JK flip flops. Flip flops have two stable states and two complementary outputs. They are used as registers for storage, in frequency dividers, and digital counters. Registers consist of groups of flip flops that hold information, while shift registers can shift data in one or both directions using cascaded flip flops and clock pulses. Flip flops have applications in interfacing digital systems, as delay circuits, and for converting between serial and parallel data.
Multiplexer & de multiplexer
This document discusses multiplexers and de-multiplexers. It defines a multiplexer as a circuit that accepts multiple input signals but provides a single output signal, selecting one input using control signals. A de-multiplexer is the opposite, accepting one input and providing multiple outputs. Examples of 4-to-1 multiplexers and 1-to-4 de-multiplexers are described. Applications include communication systems, computer memory, and transmitting satellite data. Multiplexers and de-multiplexers are commonly used together and are important combinational logic circuits.
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION -Multiplexer,Demultiplexer, Encoder
This document discusses multiplexers, demultiplexers, and digital encoders. It provides the following information:
- Multiplexers are digital circuits that select one of several input signals and output the selected signal. Demultiplexers perform the reverse operation.
- Multiplexers and demultiplexers come in variations depending on the number of input/output channels such as 2:1, 4:1, 16:1, etc. Their operation is illustrated using logic gates.
- Digital encoders convert binary input lines into an equivalent binary code output. Priority encoders were developed to solve issues with standard encoders generating incorrect outputs when multiple inputs are high.
Combinational circuit
Combinational circuit, Half Adder,Full Adder, Half Subtractor, Full Subtractor, Multiplexers , Demultiplexer , Decoder , Encoder
simplification of boolean algebra
The document discusses Karnaugh maps and their use in minimizing Boolean functions. Karnaugh maps arrange variables in a grid and use 1s and 0s to represent truth table outputs. Adjacent 1s that differ in only one variable can be combined to simplify the Boolean expression. Larger groups like quads and octets allow eliminating more variables. Karnaugh maps provide a visual way to minimize functions through identifying and combining adjacent terms.
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COMPUTER ORGANIZATION -Multiplexer,Demultiplexer, Encoder
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Sequential
1) Sequential circuits have memory and their outputs depend not only on current inputs but also on the state of the circuit.
2) Latches are the simplest memory elements that can store a single bit and have two stable states, set and reset.
3) Flip-flops are edge-triggered versions of latches that only change state on a clock edge, making them easier to synchronize in larger circuits than latches.
Latch and Flipflop.pptx
Gates perform logic operations while flip-flops store bits. There are two types of logic circuits: combinational which have no memory and sequential which use feedback. Basic sequential building blocks are flip-flops. Synchronous circuits use a common clock while asynchronous circuits do not. Clocks synchronize circuits by alternating high and low periodically. Flip-flops can be triggered by the clock's high or low level or its rising or falling edge. Common flip-flop types are RS, D, JK, and T.
SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUITS (FLIP FLOPS AND LATCHES)
this presentation is about the sequential logic circuits, mainly concentrating on flip-flops and latches. a unique feature in this presentation is the incorporation of circuit images generated from Multisim software imparting practical knowledge to the users. this consists of both the active low and high versions of different circuits.
Sequential circuit
This document discusses sequential logic circuits and various types of flip flops. It defines sequential logic circuits as circuits whose outputs depend not only on present inputs but also past inputs. Several types of flip flops are described including SR, Clocked SR, JK, T, and D flip flops. The document provides details on the logic symbol, truth table, and logic circuit for SR and JK flip flops. It also discusses clock signals and provides examples of determining the output for various flip flop types given input waveforms.
IS 151 Lecture 11
This document discusses edge-triggered flip-flops and their use in counters. It describes how edge-triggered flip-flops change state only on the triggering edge of a clock pulse. Specifically, it discusses positive-edge triggered S-R flip-flops, showing how they set and reset based on the S and R inputs at the positive clock edge. It also provides an example of a 2-bit asynchronous binary counter built using two flip-flops, where the output of the first flip-flop clocks the second flip-flop. The counter cycles through the binary states 00, 01, 10, 11 with each clock pulse before recycling.
Chapter 6: Sequential Logic
Sequential circuits are circuits whose outputs depend not only on present inputs but also on past inputs or states. There are two types: synchronous use a clock signal to synchronize state changes, asynchronous can change state at any time. Common memory elements are flip-flops including RS, D, JK, and T flip-flops. The master-slave flip-flop construction using two flip-flops avoids unpredictable states by separating the sampling and output functions.
Sequential circuits
The document discusses sequential circuits and different types of flip flops and counters. It describes how sequential circuits have memory and their output depends on current and past inputs. There are two main types of sequential circuits - asynchronous which can change state at any time and synchronous which use a clock signal to control when the output can change state. Common types of flip flops described include SR, JK, D and T flip flops. Counters can be asynchronous with the clock signal rippling through or synchronous where all flip flops share the same clock.
Unit IV version I.ppt
The document discusses synchronous sequential logic circuits. It defines sequential circuits as those whose outputs depend on both the present inputs and past inputs, requiring memory elements like latches and flip-flops. Several types of latches and flip-flops are described, including SR, D, JK, and T latches/flops. Their structures and operations are explained. The key difference between latches and flops is that latches change state asynchronously while flops change state synchronously with a clock signal.
S-R Latch
An S-R latch is a type of bistable logic circuit that has two stable states: set and reset. It is formed using two cross-coupled NOR gates for an active-high input latch, and two cross-coupled NAND gates for an active-low input latch. The latch remains in its current state unless a set or reset signal is received. An S-R latch can be used to eliminate switch bounce by providing a clean transition between its two output states.
Digital_Electronics_Module_4_Sequential_Circuits v0.6.pptx
This document discusses sequential circuits and their components. It begins by defining sequential circuits as circuits whose outputs depend not only on present inputs but also past states, stored using latches and flip-flops. It then covers various types of sequential circuits and their basic components like latches, flip-flops, registers and counters. Specific latch and flip-flop types like SR, D, JK and T are described along with their characteristics. Applications of shift registers and different counter types are also mentioned.
Sequential cmos logic circuits
slides gives a complete knowledge about sequential cmos logic circuits which is very useful for mtech vlsi students.
latchesflip-flop DLD
This document summarizes sequential circuits and their basic components - latches and flip-flops. It describes how latches like the SR, S'R', and D latches work based on inputs but no clock signal, while flip-flops are edge-triggered and use a clock signal. Examples of flip-flops include rising edge triggered and those with additional inputs like preset and clear that can override the clock.
CLOCKED RESET DOMINANT SR-LATCH
This document describes an SR-latch, which is an asynchronous latch that stores one bit of information based on set and reset signals. It discusses the NAND and NOR implementations of the SR-latch, including their truth tables. It also describes a gated SR-latch, which adds an enable signal to make the latch synchronous. The document provides the circuit diagram and truth table for a gated SR-latch. It discusses behavioral rules for basic latch cells and includes a Simulink model of an SR-latch. Finally, it outlines some applications and advantages and disadvantages of using latches.
Lab 12 – Latches and Flip-Flops Mugisha OmaryLab 12 .docx
The document discusses latches and flip-flops. It explains that latches can remain in the state they were set in even after input signals are removed. The main difference between latches and flip-flops is that latches are level-triggered while flip-flops are edge-triggered. Various latch and flip-flop circuits like D latches, SR latches, and JK flip-flops are described along with their truth tables. Experiments were conducted using integrated circuits to observe and verify the behavior of different latch and flip-flop circuits.
Introduction to Sequential DevicesChapter 66.1 M.docx
Introduction to Sequential Devices
Chapter 6
6.1 Models for Sequential CircuitsElevator example:
6.1.1 Block Diagram representation
Memory devices:
- Semiconductor Flip-Flops
- Magnetic devices
- Delay lines
- Mechanical relays
- Rotation switches
- Etc…
This circuit can be represented by the following equations:
Vector Notation:
- All the vectors are time dependant
- Vector y has the value y(tk) at time tk.
- Input signals xi and output signal zi may assume a variety of forms
6.1.2 State Tables and DiagramsThe state diagram is a graphical representation of a sequential circuit in which the states are represented by circles and state transition of the circuit are shown by arrows.
State table : all circuit input vectors are listed across the top, while all state vectors are listed down the left side. Entries in the table are the next state and the output.
In practice, the state diagrams and tables are usually labeled using symbols rather than vectors. For example consider a sequential circuit with two present state variables y1, and y2. Then y= [y1 , y2]Therefore the vector y can have any of the four possible values:
In general, if r represents the number of memory devices (number of states) in a circuit with Ns states then
Example: Consider the following sequential circuit with one input x, two state variables y1 and y2, and one output z.
The state diagram is:
Let assume that the circuit is initially in state A. now consider the application of the following input sequence to the circuit:
Hence the input sequence applied to the machine in state A cause the output sequence
Z=0100110111
And leaves the circuit in its final state C.
6.2 Memory Devices-Most memory elements are bistable electronic circuits, that is, they exist indefinitely in one of two possible states, 0 and 1. - Binary data are stored in a memory element by placing the element into the 0 state to store 0 and into the 1 state to store 1. - The output of the memory indicates the present state. - The input of the memory indicates the next state. - Each memory element has one or more excitation inputs, so called because they are used to “excite” or drive the circuit into the desired state.
Two memory element types
The Two memory element types most commonly used in switching circuits are latches and flip-flops.1- LATCHES
A latch is a memory element whose excitation input signals control the state of
the device
A set latch: the excitation input forces the output of the device to 1.
A Reset latch: the excitation inputs force the device output to 0.
A Set-Reset latch: a latch with both set and reset excitation signals.
Timing Diagram of SR LATCH
2- FLIP-FLOP:
A flip-flop differs from a latch in that it has a
control signal called clock. The clock signal
issues a command to the flip-flop, allowing it
to change states in accordance with its
excitation input signals.
- In both latches and flip-flops, the next s.
08 Latches and Flipflops.pdf
- A latch is a basic form of memory that has two stable states and can change its output state when its inputs change. The most basic type is the S-R (set-reset) latch, which can be constructed from NOR or NAND gates.
- Flip-flops are synchronous bistable devices that change state only at a specified point on the clock signal. Common types include the S-R, D, and J-K flip-flops.
- Latches and flip-flops can be used to store data, perform frequency division, and counting in digital circuits.
best slides latches.pdf
The document discusses sequential logic circuits and memory elements. It describes different types of latches like S-R latch, gated S-R latch and gated D latch. It also explains edge-triggered flip-flops like S-R flip-flop, D flip-flop, J-K flip-flop and T flip-flop. Key differences between latches and flip-flops are that latches change state continuously while flip-flops change state only at the clock edge. Asynchronous inputs like preset and clear are also explained which can directly set or clear the output of a flip-flop.
Digital Electronics Unit_3.pptx
The document discusses latches and flip-flops. It describes SR latches and how they can be used to make SR flip-flops. It then discusses different types of flip-flops including D, JK, T flip-flops. It explains how SR flip-flops can be converted to these other flip-flops and discusses issues like race conditions in JK flip-flops and how master-slave flip-flops address this issue.
Logic Gate
Sequential logic circuits contain memory and feedback loops that make their output depend on the present state and inputs. This document discusses several types of basic memory cells and latches used in sequential logic like the SR latch, JK latch, D latch, and flip-flops. It provides schematics and explanations of how CMOS-based implementations of these sequential elements work through the use of NOR gates, NAND gates, and transmission gates controlled by a clock signal. Basic timing considerations are also covered, such as setup and hold times.
Digital Fundamental Material for the student
The document discusses sequential switching circuits and various types of flip-flops and counters. It provides details on S-R, J-K, D and T flip-flops. Applications of flip-flops include parallel and serial data storage, counting, frequency division. Registers are groups of flip-flops used to store multiple bits of data. Shift registers allow serial or parallel data input/output. Asynchronous counters use flip-flops connected in a ripple fashion while synchronous counters clock all flip-flops simultaneously. Examples of 2-bit asynchronous up/down and ring counters are shown.
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The document discusses basic logic operations and logic gates. It explains that logic operations like AND, OR, and XOR can be implemented using logic gates and combined to perform more complex functions. Some common logic functions mentioned are comparison, arithmetic, coding, decoding, data selection, storage, and counting. Logic gates take binary inputs and produce binary outputs based on truth tables that define the logic operations.
IS 151 Lecture 2
This document covers digital circuitry topics including number systems, digital waveforms, pulse characteristics, waveform characteristics, and timing diagrams. It defines positive and negative pulses, and describes pulse parameters like rise time, fall time, pulse width, and amplitude. Periodic and non-periodic waveforms are discussed as well as frequency, period, and duty cycle. Timing diagrams are introduced as a way to synchronize digital signals with a clock waveform where each clock interval represents one bit. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating pulse characteristics and drawing timing diagrams.
IS 151 Lecture 1
This document provides information about a course on digital circuitry, including required materials, assessment details, and contact information for the instructor. It discusses the textbook, simulation software, and additional recommended resources. Coursework will be 40% of the grade and an exam will make up the remaining 60%. Students should contact their class representative for any questions.
IS 151 Outline 2014
This document outlines the modules, activities, and assessments for an IS 151 course on digital circuits and logic design. Over 15 weeks, topics will include digital and binary concepts, number systems, logic gates and functions, Boolean algebra, Karnaugh maps, combinational logic, sequential logic elements like latches and flip-flops, finite state machines, and programmable logic devices. Assessment will include laboratory work, assignments, tests, and a final laboratory exercise on designing a Gray code counter.
IS 139 Lecture 7
This document provides an overview of memory organization and cache memory. It discusses the memory hierarchy from fast, small registers and caches closer to the CPU to larger, slower main memory and permanent storage like disks further away. Cache memory stores recently accessed data from main memory to speed up future accesses by taking advantage of temporal and spatial locality. Caches can be direct mapped, set associative, or fully associative and use different replacement policies like LRU when a block needs to be evicted.
IS 139 Lecture 6
This lecture provides a detailed look at instruction set architectures (ISAs). It discusses instruction formats, including the number of operands, operand locations and types. It also covers addressing modes like immediate, direct, register, indirect and indexed. Additionally, it examines different approaches to storing data like stack, accumulator and general purpose register architectures. The lecture concludes by discussing instruction-level pipelining and examples of ISAs like Intel, MIPS and Java Virtual Machine.
IS 139 Lecture 5
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IS 139 Lecture 4
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IS 139 Assignment 1
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IS 139 Lecture 3
This document discusses Boolean algebra and digital logic circuits. It begins by introducing Boolean algebra, which uses variables that can have two values (true/false, on/off, 1/0) and operations like AND, OR, and NOT. Boolean functions are implemented using logic gates like AND, OR, NAND and NOR gates. Combinational logic circuits like adders, decoders, and multiplexers perform Boolean functions without state, while sequential circuits like flip-flops use feedback and clocks to remember state over time. Finite state machines can model sequential circuits.
IS 139 Lecture 1
The document provides an overview of computer architecture and organization. It discusses how computers work at a component level, different types of computer systems and their structures and behaviors. It covers key concepts like instruction sets, memory access methods, and I/O mechanisms. The document also distinguishes between architecture, which defines attributes visible to programmers, and organization, which refers to how components are interconnected. It outlines reasons for studying computer architecture and what skills can be developed. Finally, it briefly traces the evolution of computers through different generations defined by underlying technologies.
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IS 151 Lecture 9
This document discusses basic combinational logic functions including adders, comparators, decoders, and encoders. It begins by explaining half adders and full adders, including their truth tables and logic expressions. It then covers parallel binary adders used to add multi-bit numbers. Comparators are introduced for comparing the magnitude of two binary quantities. Decoders and encoders are also discussed, with decoders detecting a specified input code and encoders performing the reverse by converting an input to a coded output. Examples and exercises are provided to illustrate the concepts.
IS 151 Lecture 8
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IS 151 Lecture 7
The document describes the process of minimizing Boolean expressions using K-maps. It involves grouping adjacent 1s on the K-map to form product terms. Each group represents a product term in the simplified sum of products (SOP) expression. The goal is to minimize the number of product terms by forming the largest possible groups. The document provides examples of K-maps and the resulting minimized SOP expressions. It also discusses how to map truth tables directly to K-maps and handle "don't care" conditions.
IS 151 Lecture 6
This document discusses Boolean expressions and truth tables. It introduces truth tables as a way to present the logical operation of a circuit by listing all possible input combinations and corresponding outputs. An example truth table is given for a standard sum-of-products (SOP) expression. Karnaugh maps are also introduced as another way to simplify Boolean logic, where each cell represents a variable combination and 1s are placed in cells for product terms in SOP expressions. The document provides examples of mapping logic expressions to Karnaugh maps and using cell adjacency to minimize logic.
IS 151 Lecture 6
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IS 151 Lecture 5
The document discusses Boolean analysis of logic circuits. It explains how to determine the Boolean expression and construct the truth table for a given logic circuit. Specifically, it shows:
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IS 151 lecture 4
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
ここ3000字までしか入らないけどタイトルの方がたくさん文字入ると思います。
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#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
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IS 151 Lecture 10
- 1. Flip-flops and Related Devices • Multivibrators are electronic circuits used to implement a variety of simple two-state systems such as oscillators, timers and flip-flops. • Multivibrators are applied in a variety of systems where square waves or timed intervals are required • Oscillators – systems that provide a repetitive variation (in time) of some measure about a central value. E.g. AC power, a swinging pendulum IS 151 Digital Circuitry 1
- 2. Flip-flops and Related Devices • Multivibrator logic devices are of three categories: • Bistables – 2 stables states • Monostables – 1 stable state • Astables – no stable state IS 151 Digital Circuitry 2
- 3. Flip-flops and Related Devices • Astable – the circuit is not stable in either state – it continuously oscillates from one state to the other. • Monostable – one of the states is stable, but the other is not – the circuit will flip into the unstable state for a determined period, but will eventually return to the stable state • Bistable – the circuit will remain in either state (stable or unstable) indefinitely. The circuit can be flipped from one state to the other by an external event or trigger. IS 151 Digital Circuitry 3
- 4. Bistables • Bistables are of two types – The latch – The flip-flop • Bistables have two stable states – SET – RESET – They can retain either of these states indefinitely, which makes them useful for storage purposes • Latches and flip-flops differ in the way in which they change from one state to another IS 151 Digital Circuitry 4
- 5. Latches • A type of bistable storage device, can be in either of two states (SET, RESET) • The S-R (SET-RESET) latch – An active-HIGH input S-R latch is formed with 2 cross-coupled NOR gates IS 151 Digital Circuitry 5
- 6. Latches • An active-LOW input S-R latch – Is formed with two cross-couples NAND gates – The output of each gate is connected to an input of the opposite gate – Produces the regenerative feedback – characteristic of all multivibrators IS 151 Digital Circuitry 6
- 7. Latches • The S’-R’ latch (with negative OR equivalents used for the NAND gates) IS 151 Digital Circuitry 7
- 8. Latches • Assumption: – Both inputs and the Q output are HIGH – Q is connected as input to G2, and when R’ input it HIGH, the output of G2 (Q’) is LOW; which is input to G1, ensuring that its output (Q) is HIGH – When Q is HIGH, the latch is in the SET state – When R’ input is LOW and S’ is HIGH, the output of G2 is HIGH – Q’ output (HIGH) is coupled back to the input of G1, since S’ is HIGH, the output of G1 is LOW – When the Q output is LOW, the latch is in the RESET state, and the latch remains there until a LOW is applied to the S’ input IS 151 Digital Circuitry 8
- 9. Latches • The outputs of a latch are always complements of each other; when Q = HIGH, Q’ = LOW and vice versa • Invalid condition: occurs when LOWs are applied to both S’ and R’ at the same time • As long as the LOW levels are simultaneously held in the inputs, both Q and Q’ outputs are forced HIGH, violating the basic complementary operation of the output IS 151 Digital Circuitry 9
- 10. Latches • Modes of the S-R latch (SET, RESET, No Change, Invalid Condition) Inputs Outputs Comments S’ R’ Q Q’ 1 1 NC NC No change 0 1 1 0 Latch SET 1 0 0 1 Latch RESET 0 0 1 1 Invalid condition IS 151 Digital Circuitry 10
- 11. Latches • Logic symbols for the S-R latch S Q S’ S Q R Q’ R’ R Q’ Active-HIGH input S-R Latch Active-LOW input S’-R’ Latch IS 151 Digital Circuitry 11
- 12. Latches – Examples • If the S’-R’ waveforms are applied to the inputs of the latch, determine the waveform that will be observed on the Q output. Assume that Q is initially LOW S’ R’ Q IS 151 Digital Circuitry 12
- 13. Latches – Examples • How to obtain the output (Q) waveform – use the latch’s truth table to obtain Q for the given S’ and R’ inputs • Initially, Q is 0 • S’R’ • 11 = No change • 10 = Reset • 01 = Set R’ Q 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 IS 151 Digital Circuitry S’ 1 1 13
- 14. The Gated S-R latch • Requires an ENABLE, EN, input • The S and R inputs control the state to which the latch will go when a HIGH level is applied to the EN input • The latch will not change until EN is HIGH, but as long as it remains HIGH, the output is controlled by the state of S and R inputs • Invalid state occurs when both S and R are simultaneously HIGH – as opposed to the normal S-R where invalid state occurs when both S and R inputs are LOW at the same time IS 151 Digital Circuitry 14
- 15. The Gated S-R latch • Logic diagram • Logic symbol S Q EN Q’ R IS 151 Digital Circuitry 15
- 16. The Gated S-R latch • Example: determine the Q output waveform if the inputs shown are applied to the gated S-R latch that is initially RESET (Q = 0) S R EN Q IS 151 Digital Circuitry 16
- 17. The Gated S-R latch • Anytime S is HIGH and R is LOW, a HIGH on the EN SETS the latch (Q = 1) • Anytime S is LOW and R is HIGH, a HIGH on the EN RESETS the latch (Q = 0) – S R Q – 1 1 Invalid – 0 1 Reset (0) – 1 0 Set (1) – 0 0 No Change R EN Q 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 IS 151 Digital Circuitry S 0 1 1 17
- 18. The Gated S-R latch • Exercise – Determine the Q output of the gated S-R latch if the S and R inputs are inverted. The latch is initially RESET IS 151 Digital Circuitry 18
- 19. • End of lecture IS 151 Digital Circuitry 19