The document summarizes iris recognition as a biometric authentication method. It discusses how the iris is unique and stable over time, making it suitable for identification. The basic technique involves capturing an eye image, localizing the iris, and encoding patterns in the iris to generate a code for matching. Advantages include speed, accuracy and the iris being difficult to forge. Current applications include smartphone unlocking and border security. Future uses could help identify patients in hospitals and provide officer safety during traffic stops.

1. Iris Recognition
Shubham Chopra
CSE_CSF(IBM)
Roll no-1/15/FET/BCF/1/006

2. Introduction
 “Biometrics consists of methods for uniquely recognizing humans
based upon one or more intrinsic physical or behavioral traits .
Biometrics provides a secure method of authentication and
identification.
Biometric identification utilises physiological and behavioural
characteristics to authenticate a person’s identity.
TheThe need for biometrics is:
o -> Rapid development in technology
o -> Globalization

3. What is IRIS Scanning
The iris is a Protective internal organ of the eye. It is easily visible as
a colored disk, behind the clear protective window of the cornea,
surrounded by the white tissue of the eye. It is the only internal
organ of the body normally visible externally. It is a thin diaphragm
stretching across the anterior portion of the eye and supported by
lens.
Going the layman way the biometric identification of the iris is called
as “IRIS SCANNING”.
“Iris recognition is a method of biometric authentication that uses
pattern-recognition techniques based on high-resolution images of
the irides of an individual's eyes.”

4. Why Iris Recognition?
• Iris patterns are unique.
• Iris patterns do not change with age.
• Artificial duplication is impossible
• Probability of matching two ireses is
1:10^78
• Simplicity and ease of implementation.
• Speed – the process of matching the iris
patterns is very fast.

5. Basic Technique
Step 1: Capturing the image of the eye using a camera.
Step 2: Differentiating the outline of the iris and the sclera,
and the pupil from the iris.
Step 3: Encoding the image using demodulation (also
removes reflections, intrusion of eye lid lashes, contact
lens outline etc.,). Code is 256 bytes.
pupil
iris
sclera

6. Recording iris:

7. The design and implementation of a system for
automated iris recognition can be subdivided in to
3 major parts:-
1. IMAGE ACQUISITION : To acquire images with
sufficient resolution and sharpness to support
recognition.
2. IRIS LOCALIZATION : To delemit the iris from
the rest of the image.
3. PATTERN MATCHING : The Iris Code derived
from this process is compared with previously
generated Iris Code..

8. Image Acquisition Using Visible Light
 Using visible light the
texture information
obtained is less.
 The different layers
are visible while
using visible light .

9. Image Acquisition Using Infrared Light
 A better texture
information is
obtained using
infrared light.
 It gives more precise
data for comparison.

10. Iris Localisation
 The process of obtaining picture
of iris only is called localization.
 Delimits the iris from the rest of
the acquired image
 To identify the approximately
concentric circular outer
boundaries of the iris and the
pupil in a photo of an eye using
DAUGMAN’S ALGORITHM
 Exclude eyelids, eyelashes and
pupil also .

11. Pattern Matching
 Live Iris code of the iris presented for authentication is
compared with iris code stored in the database.
 Bit by bit comparison is made between two irises & no
of non matching bits & matching bits are found out.
 Number of non matching bits are divided by number of
bits to obtain Hamming distance.
 Hamming distance gives degree of match or unmatch.
For two identical iris code, hamming distance is zero,
and for perfectly unmatch hamming distance is one

12. Advantages
 Sensing of the biometric is without physical contact .
 Iris is an internal organ is well protected against damage
.
 Iris has a fine texture .
 Highly stable .
 Artificial eye can be detected .
 Analysis of iris extremely fast .
 Highly accurate .

13. Disadvantages
 Requires much user cooperation.
 Performance of iris authentication may be impaired by glasses .
 Difficult to perform at a distance larger than a few meters
 Susceptible to poor image quality .
 Camera used in the process needs to have the correct amount of
illumination.
 Obscured by eyelashes, lenses, reflections .

14. Why iris recognition is not so famous?
• Convenience
• Acceptance
• Cost

15. Current Trends And Applications
 .Fugitive track record
 .Computer login: The iris as a living password.
 · National Border Controls: The iris as a living password.
 · Ticket less air travel.
 · Premises access control (home, office, laboratory etc.).
 · Driving licenses and other personal certificates.
 · Entitlements and benefits authentication.
 · Forensics, birth certificates, tracking missing or wanted person
 · Credit-card authentication.
 · Automobile ignition and unlocking; anti-theft devices.
 . Anti-terrorism (e.g.:— suspect Screening at airports)
 . Secure financial transaction (e-commerce, banking).
 . Internet security, control of access to privileged information.

16. Current Use Of Iris Recognition
• Samsung Galaxy Note 7 : It works alongside an infrared LED and
is programmed to recognize the pattern in your iris, and that's pretty much it.
It has no other function aside from that. the scanner uses an infrared sensor
to detect patterns in a user's iris. Simply pointing it at a registered user's
eyes unlocks the phone, and does so incredibly quickly.
• Nokia Lumia 950 Xl : there's an infrared camera as well as a
secondary camera. The infrared sensor lights up the user's eye, so that the
secondary camera can snap a good image and record the data, then turn it
in to an encrypted piece of information stored on the device.

17. Future :
• Keep Officers Safe On Street:
During routine traffic stops or when handling disturbance
calls, officers may have to identify and approach
belligerent or intoxicated people. Officers will perform a
quick iris scan to identify individuals from a distance,
providing a critical layer of safety. Wireless, lightweight,
and portable, the iris scanner is operated with one hand,
leaving the other hand free for fast reaction. Shared
databases—similar to the Automated Fingerprint
Identification System (AFIS)—will grow to create broad
collaboration across enforcement agencies, giving
officers in the field rapid understanding of their situation.

18.  Improve patient care:
New, ambulatory patients will enroll in the iris
recognition database during admission. Previously
enrolled patients will identify themselves at any of the
networked scanning stations throughout the facility. Non-
ambulatory and emergency patients—and those who
don’t know who they are,such as dementia patients—will
be identified or enrolled without interrupting the critical
time to treatment. Even before the patient reaches the
ER, iris recognition is providing critical information. As
the ambulance travels, EMTs and paramedics can
identify patients, gather their medical history, and start
procedures and medication right away

19. Conclusion
 The uniqueness of iris and the low probability of a false
acceptance or false rejection all contribute to the benefits
of using iris recognition technology.
 Provides an accurate and secure method of
authenticating users onto company systems .
 The technical performance cabability of the iris
recognition process far surpasses that of any biometric
technology now available and it is the future of highly
secure security system.

20. Qr codes
• IRISID
• FINDBIOMETRICS
• PPT

21. • Research Paper:
• Iris Biometrics Technologies Article In HAKIN9 Magazine
• IRIS Biomteric Recognition for Person IdentificationIn SeuritySystem

22. • REPORT :