The document discusses iris recognition as the best biometric identification system. It provides an overview of the iris recognition process which involves iris localization, normalization, feature encoding, and matching. Real-world applications of iris recognition include the Aadhaar ID project in India and border security in the UAE. While highly accurate, iris recognition has some disadvantages like accuracy variations depending on imaging conditions and potential for fake iris lenses. Overall, iris recognition is described as a fast and accurate biometric technology that will become more common with further development to address current limitations.

1. The Best Biometric Identification System

2. Introduction
Advantages
Process Overview
Image and System Specification
Segmentation
Iris Feature Encoding
Iris code matching
Real Life Application
Emerging Technology
Disadvantages and Drawbacks
Conclusion
Bibliography

3.  It is the colored portion of
the eye that regulates the size
of the pupil.
Has unique complex and
random patterns which can
be seen from some distance.
 Automated biometric
identification
Mathematical pattern-
recognition techniques on
video or images of the iris .

4. Externally visible highly protected internal organ.
Unique patterns.
Not genetically connected unlike eye colour.
Probability of matching of iris pattern is 1:10^78.
Stable with age.
Impossible to alter surgically.
Living Password, Can not be forgotten or copied.
Works on blind person.
User needs not to touch appliances.
Accurate faster and supports large data base.

6. Camera Distance
up to 3 meters.
Good contrast and high illumination.
High Quality Image, Daughman’s Algorithm expect
minimum 640X480.
Near Infra Red(NIR) preferred over Visible Light
Patterns clearer in NIR regardless of eye colour
NIR – 700-900 nm.

7. Process of finding the iris in an image.
A. Iris and pupil localization: Pupil and Iris are
considered as two circles.

8. i.Daugman’s Integro-Differential Equation: the edge
is found measuring highest gradient
Optimized Algorithm:Comparision with Threshold
value.

9. B. Eye lid detection
and Eye lash noise
removal using
linear Hough
Transform
method.

10. C. Iris Normalization: characteristics at same
spatial region.

11. Phase quantization.
Amplitude information may
vary according to image quality
so ignored.
Total 512 bytes code.
2048 bits or 256 bytes code
initially.
Rest 256 bytes contain other
image informations like SNR
, eyelash occlusions etc.

12. Hamming Distance is the number of positions at which the
corresponding symbols are different.
Fractional Hamming Distance(HD) is calculated.
If HD<.32=MATCH
HD>.32 MISMATCH
HD of left and right eye of same person is greater than 0.32

13. Aadhaar India's Unique ID
project for its one billion citizens
uses Iris scan as one of the
identification features.
United Arab Emirates uses it in
border patrol.
Used in Pakistan to recognise
refugees.
Permits passport free
immigration in several countries
like Netherlands,Canada,US.
 Google uses iris scanners to
control access to their
datacenters.

14. An ATM with an eye
Iris at a distance.
Access to password protected areas after eye recognition
SRI International Sarnoff has been developing an "Iris on the
Move" system and set of products, primarily for U.S.
Government clients, capable of identifying 30 people per
minute.
Technologies to detect driver’s identity without needing to
leave the vehicle is being improved.

15. Accuracy changes with user’s height,illumination,image quality etc.
Person needs to be still, difficult to scan if not co-operated.
Risk of fake Iris lenses.
Alcohol consumption causes deformation in Iris pattern
Easily fooled by presenting a high-quality photograph of a face
instead of a real face; unsuitable for unsupervised applications.
Need of live tissue verification technology.
Expensive

16. Highly accurate but easy
Fast
Has some drawbacks
Needs some developments
Experiments are going on
Will become day to day technology very soon.

17. www.ijetae.com
www.freepatentsonline.com
www.irisid.com
www.slideshare.com
www.eeweb.com
Ehsan M. Arvacheh, University of Waterloo

18. Any questions??