The document discusses biometrics, which is the automated measurement and analysis of biological data to identify individuals. It provides an introduction to biometrics and its history, importance, characteristics including physical (e.g., fingerprints, iris) and behavioral (e.g., voice, signature) traits. The biometrics process and applications in security, time/attendance, and access control are described. Advantages include uniqueness and accuracy, while disadvantages include costs and potential for false matches. The future of biometrics is promising with emerging technologies like ear and odor identification.

1. BIOMETRICS

2. Table of Content
 Introduction
 History
 Importance of Biometrics
 Characteristics
 Biometrics Process
 Application of Biometrics
 Advantages & Disadvantages
 Future Prospects
 Conclusion

3. Introduction
 Biometrics is the science of technology of measuring and analyzing biological
data.
 Biometrics are automated methods of recognizing a person based on
physiological behavioral characteristics.
 As the level of security decreases and transaction fraud increases, the need for
highly secure identification and personal verification technologies is more.
 Biometrics-based solutions are able to provide for confidential financial
transactions and personal data privacy.

4. History
 The term “Biometrics” is derived from the Greek words bio (life) and metric(to
measure).
 The first known example of biometrics in practice was a form of finger printing
being used in China in the 14th century by “joao de barros”.
 In the 1890’s, “Bertillonage” a method of bodily measurement was used by police
authorities.
 The police then used finger printing, which was developed by Richard Edward
Henry of Scotland yard.

5. Importance of Biometrics
 The security is needed in every place.
 Reduce the existing problems, like those which can be taken, stolen, borrowed are
even forgotten.
 Improves convenience, security and privacy.
 The first and most critical link in the security chain.
 Presented to counteract security threats.

6. Characteristics
There are two characteristics of biometrics.
 Physical
 Behavioral
The common physical characteristics are:
 Finger Print
 Face
 Retina
 Iris
 Hand Geometry

7. Characteristics
The Behavioral characteristics are:
 Voice
 Keystroke Dynamics
 Signature Dynamics

8. Physical Biometrics
Finger Print
A fingerprint in its narrow sense is an
impression left by the friction ridges of a
human finger.
Fingerprint recognization is possible using
the finger scanner.
A fingerprint scanner has two basic
jobs.(get an image, matches pattern of
prescanned images)
Face
The identification of a person by their
facial image characteristics.
Matching algorithm uses the location and
shape of facial attributes.
Retina
Every eye has its own totally unique
pattern of blood vessels.
Retina scan machines are fairly
expensive.

9. Physical Characteristics
Iris
The iris is the colored ring of textured
tissue that surrounds the pupil of the
eyes.
Iris identification uses the unique
pattern of its texture to recognize an
individual.
Hand Geometry
This method uses hand images for
person identification.
Person using identification hand
geometry utilizes hand images to
extract a number of features such as
finger length, width, thickness and
finger area etc.

10. Behavioral Characteristics
Voice
Voice recognition is the
identification using the acoustic
features of speech that have been
found to differ between individuals.
Keystroke Dynamics
It is a method of verifying the
identity of an individual by their
typing rhythm which can cope
with trained typists.
Verify the user with the stored
template.
Signature Dynamics
The analysis of how an individual
signatures.
The process used by a biometric
system to verify a signature is called
dynamic signature verification.

11. Comparison of Biometric Type
Biometric Type Accuracy Easy to Use User Acceptance
Fingerprint High Medium Low
Hand Geometry Medium High Medium
Voice Medium High High
Retina High Low Low
Iris Medium Medium Medium
Signature Medium Medium High
Face Low High High

12. Transmission
Signal Processing
Feature
extractions
representations
Quality
Sufficient
Generate Template
Template Match
Decision
Confidence
Database
Biometric data
collection
Biometric Process

13. Application of Biometrics
Security:
• Government agencies
• Banks: facial recognition system equipped ATM machines.
• Airports: Heathrow airport had Iris recognition Immigration system facilitate
frequent travelers.
Time and Attendance Management
• Hospitals
• Banks
Access Control
• Personal computers, phone

14. Advantages of Biometrics
 Uniqueness
 Universality
 Permanence
 Measurability
 User Friendliness
 Accuracy
 Comfort

15. Disadvantages of Biometrics
 Costly
 Facial imagining can also hinder accurate identifications.
 Missing body part problem.
 False acceptances and rejections.
 The scanning of eye is fearful.
 The nervousness that people feel about the scanners identification.

16. Future Prospects
Biometry is one of the most promising and life-altering technologies in existence
today. It is all set to change the way we live in the future. Some of the emerging
biometrics technologies in the near future are:
 Ear shape identification.
 Body odor identification.
 Body salinity identification.
 EEG fingerprint.
 DNA matching

17. Conclusion
 Not perfect yet.
 Successful applications.
 Decreasing cost and increasing convenience.
 Increasing both privacy and identity security.
 The field of biometrics is evolving.
 Benefit from this technology.