This document summarizes the history and technology of iris recognition biometrics. It discusses how the iris was first proposed as a biometric in the 1930s, was featured in Bond films in the 1980s, and was patented and implemented in ATMs in the late 1980s. The iris is described as a protected internal organ that has many unique identifying features, making it very difficult to artificially duplicate. The document outlines the major parts of an iris recognition system and discusses many applications of the technology such as computer login, border control, and forensics. It concludes that iris recognition is extremely accurate and could be used for large-scale identification.

1. Presented by,
Himansu Parichha
7th sem(IT)
0801213054
JITM(BPUT)

2. As per wikipedia,
“Biometrics consists of methods for uniquely
recognizing humans based upon one or more
intrinsic physical or behavioral traits”
The need for biometrics
o -> Rapid development in technology
o -> Globalization

4. 1936
• Idea was proposed by ophthalmologist Frank Burch
1980
• Appeared in the Bond Films
1987
• Aram Safir & leonard Flom patented the idea and asked John Doug
man to create actual algorithms for that. John Dougman created this
algorithm and patented that in the same year..
1987
• Licensee Sensar deployed special cameras in ATMs of NCR corps and
Diebold Corps
1997-1999
• “Panasonic Authenticam” was ready for use in public places like
airports

5. The iris is a Protective internal organ of the eye. It is easily visible from yards
away as a colored disk, behind the clear protective window of the cornea,
surrounded by the white tissue of the eye. It is the only internal organ of the
body normally visible externally. It is a thin diaphragm stretching across the
anterior portion of the eye and supported by lens.
Going the layman way the biometric identification of
the iris is called as “IRIS SCANNING”.But as per WIKIPEDIA,
“Iris recognition is a method of biometric authentication that uses pattern-
recognition techniques based on high-resolution images of the irides of an
individual's eyes.”

6. The iris is a living password
Artificial duplication is virtually impossible
400 identifying features
Probability of matching of two irises is 1:1078
Genetic independency
Its inherent isolation and protection from
the external environment.

8.  The design and implementation of a system for
automated iris recognition can be subdivided in to
3 major parts:-
 1. IMAGE ACQUISITION
 To acquire images with sufficient resolution and
sharpness to support recognition.
2. IRIS LOCALIZATION
 To delemit the iris from the rest of the image.

 3. PATTERN MATCHING
 The Iris Code derived from this process is compared
with previously generated Iris Code.

9. 

11.  · Highly protected, internal organ of the eye
 · Externally visible; patterns imaged from a
distance
 · Iris patterns possess a high degree of
randomness
.Uniqueness: set by combinatorial complexity
· Changing pupil size confirms natural
physiology
 · Limited genetic penetrance of iris patterns
 · Patterns apparently stable throughout life

12.  · Small target (1 cm) to acquire from a distance
(1m)
 · Located behind a curved, wet, reflecting
surface
 · Obscured by eyelashes, lenses, reflections
 · Partially occluded by eyelids, often drooping
 · Deforms non-elastically as pupil changes size
 · Illumination should not be visible or bright

13.  . ATMs
 .Fugitive track record
 .Computer login: The iris as a living password.
 · National Border Controls: The iris as a living password.
 · Ticket less air travel.
 · Premises access control (home, office, laboratory etc.).
 · Driving licenses and other personal certificates.
 · Entitlements and benefits authentication.
 · Forensics, birth certificates, tracking missing or wanted person
 · Credit-card authentication.
 · Automobile ignition and unlocking; anti-theft devices.
 · Anti-terrorism (e.g.:— suspect Screening at airports)
 · Secure financial transaction (e-commerce, banking).
 · Internet security, control of access to privileged information.

14. Iris recognition system is also finding unexpected applications. The best know
example involved using iris recognition to confirm the identification of a mysterious
young afghan woman named Sharbat Gula originally photographed by Steve
McCurry in 1984.Some 18 years later, McCurry photographed Sharbat Gula in
Afghanistan .At the behest of National Geographic, Dr.John Dougman,developer of
the Iris recognition system, then compared the irises in the photographs using his
algorithms. He concluded that the eyes were a match.

15.  The technical performance capability of the iris recognition
process far surpasses that of any biometric technology now
available. Iridian process is defined for rapid exhaustive
search for very large databases: distinctive capability
required for authentication today. The extremely low
probabilities of getting a false match enable the iris
recognition algorithms to search through extremely large
databases, even of a national or planetary scale. Iris-based
biometric technology has always been an exceptionally
accurate one, and it may soon grow much more prominent.

16.  · http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk
 ·http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_recognitio
n
 .www.seminars4u.com
 Daugman J (1999) "Biometric decision landscapes."
Technical Report No TR482,
 University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory
etric decision landscapes." Technical
Report No TR482,
University of Cambridge Computer
Laboratory