Biometrics uses physiological characteristics like fingerprints, iris patterns, and voice to identify individuals. The iris, located around the pupil, regulates the size of the pupil and has complex random patterns that are unique to each person. Iris recognition uses cameras to capture an iris image, overlay a grid to analyze patterns, and compare it to stored templates to identify a person. Iris scanning is highly accurate for identification and authentication purposes across applications like border control, computer login, and financial transactions due to the iris having unique patterns that remain stable throughout life.

2. Biometrics is the science of measuring physical or
anatomical characteristics of individuals.
It performs automatic identification of a person based on
his/her physiological characteristics.
Among the features measured are face, fingerprints,
handwriting, iris, retinal, vein, and voice. Biometric
technologies are becoming the foundation of an extensive
array of highly secure identification and personal verification
solutions.

3. INTRODUCTION TO IRIS
 Iris is the area of the eye where the pigmented or
colored circle, usually brown, blue, rings the dark pupil
of the eye.
 It is the colored portion of the eye that regulates the size
of the pupil.
 Has unique complex and random patterns which can
be seen from some distance.
 Iris recognition is an automated method of biometric
identification that uses mathematical pattern-
recognition techniques on the images of the irises of an
individual's eyes, whose complex random patterns are

8. Steps followed In
A person stands in front of the iris identification system,
between one or three feet away, while a wide angle
camera calculates the position of their eye.
A second camera zooms in on the eye and takes a black
and white image.
Once the iris is in focus, it overlays a circular grid on the
image of the iris and identifies the light and dark areas,
like an “eye print”.
To prevent a fake eye from being used to fool system,
these devices may vary the light shine into the eye and
watch for pupil dilation

9. DEVICES USED FOR IRIS
SCANNING

10. Working Of Iris Technology
The iris identification program may be
divided into four main functional
blocks:
1.Image Acquisition.
2.Preprocessing.
3.Image Analysis.

11. merits
Externally visible highly protected internal organ.
Unique patterns.
Not genetically connected unlike eye color.
Probability of matching of iris pattern is 1:10^78.
Stable with age.
Impossible to alter surgically.
Living Password, Can not be forgotten or copied.
Works on blind person.
User needs not to touch appliances.
Accurate faster and supports large data base.

12. Disadvantages
Accuracy changes with user’s height ,illumination ,image
quality etc.
Person needs to be still, difficult to scan if not co-operated.
Risk of fake Iris lenses.
Alcohol consumption causes deformation in Iris pattern
Easily fooled by presenting a high-quality photograph of a
face instead of a real face; unsuitable for unsupervised
applications.
Need of live tissue verification technology.
Expensive

13. APPLICATIONS
Computer login: the iris as a living password.
National border controls: the iris as a living passport.
Driving licenses and personal certificates.
Internet security, control of access to privileged
information.
Premises access control (Home, Office, Laboratory).
Anti-terrorism (e.g. security screening at airports)
Financial Transactions (electronic commerce and
banking).
Secure accesses to bank cash machine accounts.
Credit-card authentication.
Automobile ignition and unlocking; anti-theft devices

14. CONCLUSION
Highly accurate but easy
Fast
Has some drawbacks
Needs some developments
Experiments are going on
Will become day to day technology
very soon.