biological Insulin, synthesis, factors affecting synthesis, primary structure of insulin, different insulin preparations, mechanism of action of Insulin and pathway, physiological & biochemical effect of Insulin, Disorders related with insulin production, treatment strategy, Drugs Used to treat Diabetes Mellitus
Insulin is a peptide hormone, produced by beta cells of the pancreas, and is central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, skeletal muscles, and fat tissue to absorb glucose from the blood. In the liver and skeletal muscles, glucose is stored as glycogen, and in fat cells (adipocytes) it is stored as triglycerides.
biological Insulin, synthesis, factors affecting synthesis, primary structure of insulin, different insulin preparations, mechanism of action of Insulin and pathway, physiological & biochemical effect of Insulin, Disorders related with insulin production, treatment strategy, Drugs Used to treat Diabetes Mellitus
Insulin is a peptide hormone, produced by beta cells of the pancreas, and is central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, skeletal muscles, and fat tissue to absorb glucose from the blood. In the liver and skeletal muscles, glucose is stored as glycogen, and in fat cells (adipocytes) it is stored as triglycerides.
Definition of hormones
Pancreas
Intro of insulin
Chemistry
Biosynthesis
Action of insulin
Metabolic effect on insulin
Factors effect insulin secretion
Disorders related to insulin hormone
Treatment
Brand name of insulin in market
Just the type of presentation a top presenter would look for.
The topic is well introduced, the designs of the slides are simple yet the explanation is very powerful.
Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets, and it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein by promoting the absorption of, especially, glucose from the blood into fat, liver and skeletal muscle cells.
A TRIANGULAR GLAND, WHICH HAS BOTH EXOCRINE AND ENDOCRINE CELLS, LOCATED BEHIND THE STOMACHACINAR CELLS PRODUCE AN ENZYME-RICH JUICE USED FOR DIGESTION (EXOCRINE PRODUCT)PANCREATIC ISLETS (ISLETS OF LANGERHANS) PRODUCE HORMONES INVOLVED IN REGULATING FUEL STORAGE AND USE.
Definition of hormones
Pancreas
Intro of insulin
Chemistry
Biosynthesis
Action of insulin
Metabolic effect on insulin
Factors effect insulin secretion
Disorders related to insulin hormone
Treatment
Brand name of insulin in market
Just the type of presentation a top presenter would look for.
The topic is well introduced, the designs of the slides are simple yet the explanation is very powerful.
Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets, and it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein by promoting the absorption of, especially, glucose from the blood into fat, liver and skeletal muscle cells.
A TRIANGULAR GLAND, WHICH HAS BOTH EXOCRINE AND ENDOCRINE CELLS, LOCATED BEHIND THE STOMACHACINAR CELLS PRODUCE AN ENZYME-RICH JUICE USED FOR DIGESTION (EXOCRINE PRODUCT)PANCREATIC ISLETS (ISLETS OF LANGERHANS) PRODUCE HORMONES INVOLVED IN REGULATING FUEL STORAGE AND USE.
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Pancreatic hormone - Endocrinology for biochemistryASHA SIVAJI
Pancreatic hormone - In this you will know about synthesis, metabolism, mode of action, biological actions, regulation and disorders related with insulin,Glucagon, Pancreatic somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide.
blood glucose homeostasis and the role of tissues and hormones, roles of Insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose, regulation of glucose metabolism during exercise, insulin receptor and its mechanism
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
2. PANCREAS
Both endocrine and exocrine
Endocrine function is localized in the islets of
Langerhans, epithelial cells that are dispersed
throughout the entire organ.
3 distinct types of cells namely
AlphaGlucagon
Beta Insulin
Gama not known
Delta secretes & stores somatostatin
3. Insulin -- Introduction
Plays imp role in metabolism causing
Increased Carbohydrate Metabolism
Glycogen storage
Fatty acid synthesis
Amino acid uptake and
Protein synthesis
Thus imp anabolic hormone which acts on variety
of tissues including liver, fat and muscle.
4. chemistry
Protein hormone produced from the islets of Langerhans
which make up1% of the pancreas.
Crystallization requires Zn , which is a constituent of
stored insulin since normal islets are relatively rich in this
element.
Insulin is made up of 51 AAs arranged in 2 PP chains(A&B)
having a mol.wt of 5734.
2 inter chain and 1 intra chain –S-S- bonds
Insulin can not be administered orally
The pork pancreas is the most similar to human insulin.
The 2 insulins diff only in the terminal AA no of B
chain(30)
This terminal AA in porcine insulin is Ala and Thr in
Hum.
5. Chemistry
This terminal AA can be removed easily with CP.(retains
the biologic activity)
Thus it is possible to convert porcine insulin into a
Human ( 1 AA shorter)
Insulins from the pig, whale and dog are structurally
identical.
Those from the sheep, horse and cow differ form porcine
insulin only in 3 AAs under the –S-S brige in the A chain.
Other species may differ in as much as 29 out of the 51
AAs.
Two structurally diff insulins – isolated – a single rat
pancreas, diff by a single AA(Lys/Met) in the A chain.
The pancreas of certain fishes – more than one insulin
6. Structure of Insulin
Despite the wide variation in 10
structure , the bio. Activity
per unit wt is remarkably constant for all insulins.
It exists in Zn crystals as hexamers and dimers.
When diluted in the circulation, insulin exists as a
monomer.
The m-RNA for preproinsulin has been isolated from
islets, the complementary DNA synthesized and active
insulin has been sucessfully cloned in bacteria.
Therefore insulin is the first high mol.wt hormone to be
made by the process of molecular engineering.
7. Structure of Insulin
The 20
&30
structures of Bovine insulin have been
determined by X-ray crystallography.
These studies indicate that the A chain portion of
the molecule is the more exposed, including the
6-11-S-S- bond possibly involved in hormonal
activity.
The B chain in in the internal portion of the
molecule.
Non covalent binding b/n B chain is respible for
the formation of insulin dimer & higher polymers.
8. Structure of Insulin
Removal of the terminal octapeptide on B chain /
removal of Asn on A chain inactivates insulin.
Removal of terminal carboxy AA of the B chain
and some AAs in the N-ter portion of the
molecule does not affect the activity.
The –OH groups of Ser, Thr can be modified by
sulfation with little loss of potency.
Destruction of His by photo-oxidation results in
complete inactivation.
Increasing iodination of Tyr causes progressive
inactivation.
9. Structure of Insulin
Sulfated bovine insulin, porcine insulin and fish
insulins are sometimes used in the resistant diabetics
because of their reduced antigenicity and cross-
reactivity with circulation antibody.
Other modifications reduce the absorption of insulin
from the injected sites, resulting in prolonging the
axn of insulin.
10. Structure of Insulin
Protamine Zn insulin is a combination of insulin with
protamine which is absorbed more slowly than the
ordinary insulin.
1 injection of protamine Zn insulin may lower the
blood glucose for more than 24hrs, whereas 2or3
injections of regular (crystalline) insulin might be
required for the same effect.
11. Structure of Insulin
Globin insulin , combination with a protein has
an effect of 12-15 hr duration of action
Ultralente insulin is a slow-acting insulin
prepared by controlled crystallization in the
presence of high conc of Zn and acetate in order
to produce large crystals which are therefore
slowly absorbed.
Lente insulin is a 7:3 mixture of ultralente and
regular insulin which has a duration of effect
between the two.