General study of insulin.

1. PRESENTED BY:- SHAILESH PRADHAN
J.K. COLLEGE OF PHARMACY (BILASPUR
CHHATTISGARH)

2. INTRODUCTION:-
 Insulin is an anbolic hormone secreted by the endocrine
pancreas.
 ENDOCRINE PANCREAS:-Endocrine pancreas are secreted
three type hormones –
 A) INSULIN-
 Secreted from Beta cells of pancreas due to high blood
glucose level.
 Increase glucose up take in to tissue.
 Convert-glucose to glycogen.
 B)GLUCAGON-
 Secreted from alpha cells of pancreas due to low blood
glucose level.
 It is a hyperglycemic facilitator.
 Convert-glycogen to glucose.

3.  C) SOMATOSTATIN-
 Secreted from gama cells of pancreas.
 It is a universal inhibitor of secretory cells.
 GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS-

4.  NORMAL GLUCOSE CONTROL-
 1) Post absorptive period-
 Normal individual low basal level of circulating insulin
maintain through constant beta cell secretion by
suppression lipolysis , proteolysis and glycogenolysis.
 2)After ingesting meal-
 Brust of insulin secretion is response to elevated to
glucose and amino acid level.
 3)When glucose level return to basal levels-
 Insulin return to its basal level.

5. INSULIN
 Insulin was discovered in 1921 by Banting.
 It was 1st obtain in crystalline form in 1926 and
chemical structure was fully worked out in 1956 by
Sanger.
 Insulin are two chain polypeptide having 51 amino
acid.
 A chain-21 amino acid
 B chain- 30 amino acid
 MO. WT. of insulin- 5734 g/mol

6. BIO SYNTHESIS OF INSULIN
 Rough endoplasmic reticulum preproinsulin
 Golgi apparatus prohormone convertase proinsulin
 Secretory granules insulin + c- pepetide

7. SECRETION OF INSULIN
 Intracellular transport of glucose is mediated by
GLUT-2 an insulin independent glucose transporter in
Beta cells.
 Glucose undergoes oxidative metabolism yiEld ATP.
 ATP inhibit K+ channel receptor on Beta cell surface
 This receptor leads to membrane depolarization.
 Influx of Ca++ ion and release stored insulin .

9. CLASSIFICATION OF INSULIN
INSULIN
RAPID ACTING SHORT ACTING INTERMADIATE
ANALOGOUS
ACTING
-Insulin lispro -Regular soluble -
Glargine
-Insulin aspart insulin -Insulin zinc susp. -Ins.
Determir
-Insulin glulisine

10. MOA OF INSULIN

11. ACTION OF INSULIN IN VARIOUS
TISSUE
 1)IN LIVER-
 Decrease glucose production.
 Increase glycogenesis.
 Increase TG synthesis.
 Increase protein synthesis.
 2)IN MUSCLES-
 Increase glucose transport.
 Increase glycolysis.

12.  Increase glycogen deposition.
 Increase protein synthesis.
 3)IN ADEPOSE
 Increase glucose transport.
 Increase lipogenesis.
 PHARMACOKINETIC OF INSULIN-
 Inj. SC
 Metabolized by kidney and liver.
 Elimination t1/2 is 5-10 min.
 Highly bond with tissue receptor.

13.  ADR OF INSULIN-
 Hypoglycemia.
 Allergic reactions.
 Insulin registance.
 Weight gain.
 DRUG INTRACTION-
 Beta adrenergic drug.
 Furosemide,solbutamol,oral contraceptive(increase
blood sugar and decrease effect of insulin)

14. THANK YOU….