Filariasis is caused by thread-like parasitic roundworms that are spread by mosquitoes and black flies. The worms live in the lymphatic system and other parts of the body, and the females release microfilariae that circulate in the bloodstream. Over time, this can lead to elephantiasis with thickening of the skin. Diagnosis involves examining blood slides for microfilariae at specific times of day. Treatment includes medications that kill the microfilariae like diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, and doxycycline. Controlling mosquitoes is also important for preventing the spread of filarial parasites.