The document discusses hematuria (blood in the urine) and proteinuria (protein in the urine), including their causes, evaluation, and approach to patients. Common causes of hematuria include infections, trauma, inflammation, tumors, structural abnormalities, and coagulation disorders. Evaluation may include urine analysis, blood tests, ultrasound, IVP, cystoscopy, renal angiogram or CT. For microscopic hematuria, patients are stratified as high or low risk depending on factors like age, smoking history, and symptoms. Proteinuria can be transient or persistent, with glomerular and tubular causes. It is measured through dipstick, protein-to-creatinine ratio, or 24-hour urine collection. Patients with isolated proteinuria

1. Hematuria & Proteinuria

4. Approaching Patients with Microscopic Hemuturia Dipstick Positive Exclude menstruation MSU confirm trauma, recent sexual activity, UTI,viral infection High risk Low risk *Male, age> 40 Treatment *Heavy smoking *Occupation exposure Ultrasound Repeat MSU of dye,aromatic amine *Voiding symptom Negative Positive *Hx urologic disorder *Hx pelvic RT Positive Negative Solved FU MSU ± US Fully investigation 6-12months * cystoscopy *IVP, US, CT

8. Proteinuria Dipstick> trace Exclude contamitation, UTI, prostatitis, orthostatic Repeat UA Negative Positive 24 hr urine protein Repeat Next 6M Positive Abnormal Sediment Isolated proteinuria Negative RC>5/HPF, cast Transient proteinuria Evaluated for systemic Nephritis disease: HT,DM, Hepatitis B,C