Head Injury

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

กลไกการบาดเจ็บที่ศีรษะ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

การบาดเจ็บโดยตรง ขณะศีรษะอยู่นิ่ง (Static head injury) ,[object Object],[object Object]

บาดเจ็บโดยตรงขณะศีรษะเคลื่อนที่ ( dynamic head injury ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],coup lesion contracoup lesion

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

พยาธิสรีรภาพ ,[object Object],[object Object]

1. บาดเจ็บที่ศีรษะระยะแรก ( primary head injury ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1. หนังศีรษะ ( scalp ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1.2 กะโหลกศีรษะ ( skull ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

3. เนื้อสมอง ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

เนื้อสมอง ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

เนื้อสมอง ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2. บาดเจ็บที่ศีรษะระยะที่สอง ( secondary head injury ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],skull Epidural hematoma Skull

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],dura skull

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2. บาดเจ็บที่ศีรษะระยะที่สอง ( secondary head injury ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2. บาดเจ็บที่ศีรษะระยะที่สอง ( secondary head injury ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ความรุนแรงของการบาดเจ็บที่ศีรษะ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Glasgow Coma Score 1 No motor response to pain 2 Extends to pain 3 Flexes to pain 4 Withdraws 5 Localizes pain 6 Follows simple commands M otor response 1 None 2 Incomprehensible 3 Inappropriate 4 Confused 5 Oriented Verbal response 1 None 3 To pain 3 To touch or loud voice 4 Opens eyes on own Eye opening Score Response

Levels of consciousness Cannot be aroused; no response to stimuli Comatose Sleep-like state (not unconscious); little/no spontaneous activity Stuporous Decreased alertness; slowed psychomotor responses Obtunded Disoriented; restlessness, hallucinations, sometimes delusions Delirious Disoriented; impaired thinking and responses Confused Normal Conscious Description Level

symptoms of mild head injury ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],symptoms of moderate to severe head injury

ผลของการบาดเจ็บที่ศีรษะ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Prognosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

การพยากรณ์ผลของกลาสโกว ( Glasgow Outcome Scale ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

แนวทางการรักษาแบ่งเป็น 4 กลุ่ม ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Indication for admission ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

วิธีการรักษา ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

วิธีการรักษา ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ข้อบ่งชี้สำหรับการผ่าตัดก้อนเลือดในกะโหลกศีรษะ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Investigation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Imaging Studies

Urgent Scan in adult if any of ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],**Signs of basal skull fracture: 'panda' eyes, CSF leakage (ears or nose) or Battle's sign (bruising behind the ear in cases of basal skull

8 hours after injury , a CT scan is also recommended ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Head Injury

Recommended

Recommended

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Head Injury