What is GERD or Acid Reflux Disease ? It is a condition in which acid, bile and partially-digested food in the stomach back up into the esophagus . When "refluxed" stomach acid touches the lining of the esophagus, it causes a burning sensation in the chest or throat called heartburn. The fluid may even reach the back of the mouth, and this is called acid indigestion.
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Causes of GERDAcid reflux occurs when the Lower Esophageal Sphincter, LES (the valve separating the esophagus and stomach) does not close properly, allowing acid to back up into the esophagus . Normally, the LES closes immediately after a person swallows food, keeping irritating stomach acid and digestive enzymes out of the esophagus. In individuals with GERD, the LES may not close in a normal way or relaxes inappropriately between swallows. Stomach juices and partially digested food may flow back up and burn the lower esophagus. The result is heartburn and other symptoms of GERD.
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Other Factors that weaken or relax the lower esophageal sphincter, making reflux worse: *Eating habits: eating large meals or soon before bedtime *Lying down: especially in about two hours after a meal * Wearing belts or clothes that are tight fitting around the waist * Drinking alcohol, caffeine drinks
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Other Factors that weaken or relax the lower esophageal sphincter, making reflux worse: * Eating fatty, fried foods. * Acid foods such as citrus fruits and tomatoes, spicy foods, mint flavorings * Lifestyle: use of alcohol or cigarettes, obesity * Other medical conditions: Pregnancy, DM Hiatal hernia ( โรคที่เกิดจากกระเพาะอาหารส่วนต้นเข้าไปในกำบังลม ) Rapid weight gain
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Hiatal Hernia : Hiatal Hernia is an anatomical abnormally in which part of the stomach protrudes through the diagram and up to the chest.
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Symptoms The symptomsin GERD or Acid Reflux Disease are closely related to the back up of acid and other materials from the stomach into the esophagus. It should be noted that the symptoms are not always present; sometimes they can disappear for weeks at a time, but come back after a while. Heartburn and chest pain is the most common of them. It is the unpleasant burning sensation felt into the chest, that can get worse if a person lies down, is lifting or after having a heavy meal. Sometimes the burning sensation moves into the throat area, along with a sour taste, as if the food has come back to the throat. It can resemble those of a heart attack or other heart disease. The symptoms may also be similar to those of an ulcer, gallstones, or pancreatitis
Evaluate (1)1.History : Heartburn & chest pain is the most common of them ,that can get worse if a person lies down, is lifting or after having a heavy meal, Water brash, Hoarseness , Dysphagia Elder : epigastric pain, weight loss, dysphagia, vomitting, respiratory problem, chronic cough, hoarseness Child : Most common frequency vomitting, weight loss , more vomitting when be cry , esophagitis Alarm signs : Dysphagia , GI Bleeding, Weight loss, Hoarseness, Chest pain
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Evaluate (2)2. Life style - Eating habits :Lay down or go to the bed after meal, Like snack, Don’t like fruit & vegetable. - Social Behavior : Most social contact party . - Sleep Behavior : Wake up when sore throat or Water brash. 3. Physical exam - Weight - Lung exam => Reflux aspiration ?
Self-Care (1) Takeprescribed medications Maintain a reasonable weight Watch what you eat. If you suffer from acid reflux, you need to know what foods are safe and to avoid. Don't eat large meals. Eating a lot of food at one time increases the amount of acid needed to digest it. Eat smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day. Don't eat within 3 hours of bedtime
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Self-Care (2) Don’twear belts or clothes that are tight fitting around the waist Don’t lie down for about two hours after eating Avoid fatty or greasy foods, chocolate, caffeine, mints or mint-flavored foods, spicy foods, citrus, and tomato-based foods. These foods decrease the competence of the LES.
Complications of Long-TermGERD GERD is a chronic condition and may lead to more serious medical conditions - Barrett's esophagus - Esophageal cancer - Laryngeal cancer - Erosive esophagitis - Esophageal strictures.