1. The document provides an overview of renal anatomy and physiology, clinical manifestations of renal diseases, methods for estimating renal function, and common renal disease syndromes.
2. Key aspects of renal anatomy discussed include the structure and function of nephrons, the glomerular filtration barrier, and countercurrent exchange mechanisms.
3. Common clinical signs of renal diseases include edema, hypertension, flank pain, urinary abnormalities, and changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate.
4. Major renal disease syndromes covered are nephrotic syndrome, nephritic syndrome, acute renal failure, and chronic renal failure.
In this presentation I have tried to cover renal disorder associated with vascular pathology of kidney. Classification, various disorder in detail with histopathology images H&E and special stains and clinical presentations. Hope it helps understanding the entity better.
Introduction to Chronic Kidney Disease epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment of complications and system issues (e.g. interface between nephrology and primary care, specialty referrals) for medical students
Chronic Kidney Disease, a.k.a Chronic Kidney Failure, is a vast but serious topic that requires thorough study. This presentation entails the essentials - its stages, pathogenesis, risk factors, etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
In this presentation I have tried to cover renal disorder associated with vascular pathology of kidney. Classification, various disorder in detail with histopathology images H&E and special stains and clinical presentations. Hope it helps understanding the entity better.
Introduction to Chronic Kidney Disease epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment of complications and system issues (e.g. interface between nephrology and primary care, specialty referrals) for medical students
Chronic Kidney Disease, a.k.a Chronic Kidney Failure, is a vast but serious topic that requires thorough study. This presentation entails the essentials - its stages, pathogenesis, risk factors, etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
7. Formed by the Invagination of the tuft of capilleries into dilated blind end of a nephron Afferent arteriole Efferent arteriole Bowman’s Capsule Basement membrane Visceral Epithelium(Podocyte) Parietal Epithelium Capillary loops Bowman’s Space Endothelial cells Stucture of renal glomerulus Mesangial matrix and cell Basement membrane
8. View of glomerulus by scanning electron microscope Afferent arteriole Efferent arteriole The Invagination of the tuft of capilleries into dilated blind end of a nephron
11. Glomerular Anatomy Capillary Lumen Endothelial cell Glomerular basement membrane Epithelial Cell of Bowman’s capsule Epithelial Foot process Electron micrograph Capillary Lumen 毛细血管腔 Endothelial cell of the glomerular capillary Podocytes
12. 1. Each kidney contains 1.0 × 10 6 nephrons 2.About 25% of the cardiac output perfuses the kidneys (only 0.5% of body mass) 3. possess abundant microvascular networks 4. countercurrent multiplication of renal tubule Anatomic features of Kidney
25. Hematuria Isomorphic nonglomerular erythrocytes Dysmorphic glomerular erythrocytes Examination of the urine sediment by a phase constrast microscope Dysmorphic glomerular erythrocytes>8000/ml, Acanthocytes 棘红细胞 >5% crenated erythrocytes 皱缩红细胞 , Acanthocytes with their typical ring-formed cell bodies with one or more blebs 水泡 of different sizes and shapes
35. 1 ． MDRD （ the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study ） equation eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m 2 ) = 1.86 x (P Cr ) –1.154 x (age) –0.203 0.742 for female; 1.21 for African American 2 ． Cockcroft-Gault equation (mL/min) = 0.85 for female Estimated GFR (eGFR) equation
36. Stage of chronic kidney disease From K-DOQI guidelines Recommendation Stage Description GFR （ ml/min ） Action 1 Kidney damage with normal or GFR 90 Diagnosis and treatment of CKD. Treatment of comormid condition. Slowing of progression. CVD risk reduction. 2 Kidney damage with mildly GRF ↓ 60-90 Estimating progression 3 Moderately GRF↓ 30-59 Evaluating and treating complications 4 Severely GRF↓ 15-29 Preparation for kidney replacement therapy 5 Kidney failure <15 Replacement (if uremia is present)
37.
38.
39. Diagnosis Clue for urinary diseases clinic syndromes of urinary diseases
56. Integrated ESRD Care Residual renal function HD CCr (ml/min) 20 15 10 5 0 Time on dialysis Start time peritoneal dialysis TX PD
57. Tranæus, December 2002 Early referral of patient with CRF to renal center Pre-ESRD medical management Patient Education Program CAPD/APD as first option if medically suitable, allowing for patient choice CAPD/APD HD Transplant Adapted from Coles,G, et al. Kidney Int, 54:2234-2240, 1998 Late referral increases mortalityDe Veechi et al, PDI 1999 1 1
The glomerulus is formed by the Invagination of the tuft of capilleries into dilated blind end of a nephron
The glomerulus is formed by the Invagination of the tuft of capilleries into dilated blind end of a nephron
The glomerulus is formed by the Invagination of the tuft of capilleries into dilated blind end of a nephron. They are supplied by the afferent arterioles and drained by the efferent artioles.
![General Concept of Renal Diseases Department of Nephrology,the First Affiliated Hospital , Sun Yat-sun University Qiongqiong Yang [email_address]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/23renaldisease-100512054301-phpapp01/85/23-renal-disease-1-320.jpg)
![outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)