The document discusses brain chips, which connect the brain directly to computers. It describes the history of brain-computer interfaces from the late 19th century to modern implants. Current brain chip technology uses silicon chips implanted in the skull to enhance memory, assist paralyzed patients, and potentially be used for military purposes. The future may see brain chips that mimic the function of neurons and bypass the spinal cord, as well as "brain pacemakers" to treat neurological conditions. While brain chips offer advantages like enhancing human abilities, they also present risks like loss of identity, hacking, and use for harmful activities if in the wrong hands.

1. Brain chip
Presented By
HARIOM
10 EI 25

2. CONTENTS
Introduction
 History
 Development
 Chip Implantation
 Current Technology
 Future Of Brain chip
 Application
 Advantage
 Disadvantage
 Conclusion


3. INTRODUCTION
 Brain Chip consists both biological and electronics terms.
 Some times we see that due to paralysis attack or due to
terrible accident or from berth , people loose their
sensitivity . It is due to failure of connection between
brain and other part of body .
 Now with the help of this technology people can
improve their lifestyle because it can make broca’s area
of the brain reasonable active.

4.  Brain chip can enhance memory of human
beings, help paralyzed patients and are intended for
military purposes.

5. HISTORY
 The history of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) is very
old.
 BCI combines technologies from computer science,
electrical engineering, neurosurgery and biomedical
engineering .
 1875: Richard Canton first discovered electrical signals
on surface of animal brain.

6.  1950s: Jose Delgado, a neurosurgeon at Yale University,
invents the stimoceiver, an electrode device that can be
controlled wirelessly by FM radio. He tests it in the brain
of a bull and is able to make the animal charge and
change direction by the pushing of different buttons.
 June 2004: The first human, Matthew Nagle, is implanted
with a brain-computer interface.

7. Delgado controlling a bull with the help of brain chip

8. Development
 Studies in human subjects with electronics broadened
the area of researches .In this technology the
electronic chip is implemented in skulls and their
facial expression and general behaviour, and their
desire to repeat the experience outcome.

9. Neural Network
 Neural networks are loosely modelled on the networks of
neurons. They can learn to perform complex tasks. They
are especially effective at recognizing patterns,
classifying data, and processing noisy signals.
 Brain cells and silicon chip linked electronically .
 Once a device is implanted in body , glial cells defences
from surround ,the foreign object and prevent neurons
and electrodes from making contact

10. Figure of neuron

11.  They are implantable neurons that would perform the
function of a part of brain that has been damaged by
stroke or epilepsy .
 A transmitter helps the user to pick up signals from the
Brain and translate them into cursor commands on the
computer.

12. Working of brain chip

13. Chip Implantation
 A brain–computer interface (BCI), often called a
mind-machine interface (MMI), or sometimes called a
direct neural interface or a brain–machine interface (BMI),
is a direct communication pathway between the
brain and an external device. BCIs are often directed at
assisting, augmenting, or repairing human cognitive or
sensory-motor functions.

14. In the figure the implantation of brain chip in monkey is shown
.

15. Current Technology
In present time brain chip is made on silicon chip.
Silicon chip

16. Future Of Brain chip

17.  This technology is known as SYNAPSE (Systems of
Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics) .
 It is miles ahead of any computer system before it and
works much differently.
 This includes functions like memory and learning, which
are already present in the prototype chip built by IBM.

18. Bypassing the Spinal Cord is another technology

19.  This concept illustrates some of the future applications of
Brain Chip technology in which the function of the spinal
cord can be replaced by computer-aided transmission of
brain activity.

20.  "Brain pacemakers" are used to treat people who suffer
from epilepsy, major depression and other diseases. The
pacemaker is a medical device that is implanted into the brain
to sendelectrical signals into the tissue. Depending on the
area of the brain that is targeted, the treatment is called deep
brain stimulation, or cortical stimulation.

21. Brain ‘pace makers’

22. Advantages
 Brain implants enhance capability of human organs and
senses.
 It has a significant role to play in future genetic
engineering fields and neuroscience.
 This made easier life for the people which are physically
are mentally disable.

23. Disadvantages





Cost.
Safety.
Losing Identity.
Risk for surgeons.
Since it is operated by system and programming then
there is possibility of hacking .
 It can be used for bad purpose such as terrorist activities.

24. CONCLUSION
 This remarkable breakthrough offers hope that people who
are paralyzed will one day be able to independently operate
artificial limbs, wheelchairs.
 Next generation products may be able to provide an
individual with the control device that allow breathing , limb
movements.

25. References
www.wikipedia.com
www.brownuniversity.com
http://biocybernaut.com/tutorial/eeg.html
http://www.wanttoknow.info/mindcontrol10pg#
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=neuros
ci.figg
Biomedical Instrumentation by R.S. Khandpur