BrainGate is a brain implant system developed in 2003 to help paralyzed patients control external devices with their thoughts. It uses a chip implanted in the motor cortex that detects neural signals when a patient imagines moving. These signals are transmitted to a computer via electrodes and converted into commands using decoding software. For example, imagined arm movements could control a cursor or robotic limb. While still in development, BrainGate aims to provide a direct brain-computer interface for communication. Clinical trials have shown paralyzed patients able to control devices and perform basic tasks through thought alone.
brain gate technology is an wonderful innovation and boon for ppl met with accidents specially SPINAL CORD FAILURE
this "TECHNOLOGY" serves as ray of hope and sunshine in their life
It consists of all details about BCI which are necessary, I sorted from net and implemented in PPT. For abstract U can mail me koushik.veldanda@gmail.com
(It is not my own talent,it is a collaboration of 4 to 5 PPT's , wiki and other sites.
But simply awesome )
Braingate is an electrode chip which can be implemented in the brain. When it is implemented in brain, the electrical signal exchanged by neurons within the brain. Those signals are sent to the brain and it executes body movement. All the signalling process is handled by special software. The signal sends to the computer and then the computer is controlled by patient.
The goal of the Brain Gate program is to develop a fast and reliable connection between the brain of a severely disabled person and a personal computer .
The ‘Brain Gate’ device can provide paralyzed or motor-impaired patients a mode of communication through the translation of thought into direct computer control
brain gate technology is an wonderful innovation and boon for ppl met with accidents specially SPINAL CORD FAILURE
this "TECHNOLOGY" serves as ray of hope and sunshine in their life
It consists of all details about BCI which are necessary, I sorted from net and implemented in PPT. For abstract U can mail me koushik.veldanda@gmail.com
(It is not my own talent,it is a collaboration of 4 to 5 PPT's , wiki and other sites.
But simply awesome )
Braingate is an electrode chip which can be implemented in the brain. When it is implemented in brain, the electrical signal exchanged by neurons within the brain. Those signals are sent to the brain and it executes body movement. All the signalling process is handled by special software. The signal sends to the computer and then the computer is controlled by patient.
The goal of the Brain Gate program is to develop a fast and reliable connection between the brain of a severely disabled person and a personal computer .
The ‘Brain Gate’ device can provide paralyzed or motor-impaired patients a mode of communication through the translation of thought into direct computer control
Here is very good and amazing presentation on Brain chipss...
read this carefully and work on this because the work on brain is very good for future research...
This presentation is given in (2015) . As the power of modern computers grows alongside our understanding of the human brain, we move ever closer to making some pretty spectacular science fiction into reality.
What is Brain Computer Interface?, How it Works?, On what it works?
It Is about the controlling computers or any programmable electronic device using brain, by implanting electrodes in brain.
It is a mind-to-movement system that allows a quadriplegic man to control a computer using his thoughts.
The system is to help those who have lost control of their limbs, or other bodily functions such as patients with spinal cord injury to operate various gadgets such as TV, Computer, Lights, Fan etc.
It monitors brain activity in the patient and converts the intention of the user into computer commands
PPT of my technical Seminar titled Brain-computer interface (BCI). This is a collaboration between a brain and a device that enables signals from the brain to direct some external activity, such as control of a cursor or a prosthetic limb.
!
BrainGate is a brain implant system built and previously owned by Cyberkinetics, currently under development and in clinical trials, designed to help those who have lost control of their limbs, or other bodily functions, such as patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or spinal cord injury.
Here is very good and amazing presentation on Brain chipss...
read this carefully and work on this because the work on brain is very good for future research...
This presentation is given in (2015) . As the power of modern computers grows alongside our understanding of the human brain, we move ever closer to making some pretty spectacular science fiction into reality.
What is Brain Computer Interface?, How it Works?, On what it works?
It Is about the controlling computers or any programmable electronic device using brain, by implanting electrodes in brain.
It is a mind-to-movement system that allows a quadriplegic man to control a computer using his thoughts.
The system is to help those who have lost control of their limbs, or other bodily functions such as patients with spinal cord injury to operate various gadgets such as TV, Computer, Lights, Fan etc.
It monitors brain activity in the patient and converts the intention of the user into computer commands
PPT of my technical Seminar titled Brain-computer interface (BCI). This is a collaboration between a brain and a device that enables signals from the brain to direct some external activity, such as control of a cursor or a prosthetic limb.
!
BrainGate is a brain implant system built and previously owned by Cyberkinetics, currently under development and in clinical trials, designed to help those who have lost control of their limbs, or other bodily functions, such as patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or spinal cord injury.
This is the seminar presentation on brain gate which i represented in my college in final year for degree. This is the technology under development and have successfull result on human as well as animals. This technology is boon for physically disabled and paralysed person.
Brain Chip is a electronic device which helps to sent the signals of brain to a computer.It is a modern technology which helps people who are paralysed. Now a days it is helping in medical and science field.
BRAIN GATE TECHNOLOGY is a boon for ppl met with accidents leading to spinal cord failure,,,,, THIS technology brings ray of hope and sunshine in their life
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
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Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
2. Contents
2
Introduction
History
What is Brain Gate?
Working
Basic Elements of Brain Gate
How information is transmitted
Brain Signals
Software Behind BrainGate
Applications
BrainGate Research in India
Future scope
Conclusion
References
3. Introduction
3
BrainGate is a brain implant system developed by the bio-tech
company‚ Cyber kinetics in 2003 in conjunction with the Department
of Neuroscience at Brown University.
Currently under development and in clinical trials, designed to help
those who have lost control of their limbs, or other bodily functions,
such as patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or spinal
cord injury.
The computer chip, which is implanted into the brain, monitors brain
activity in the patient and converts the intention of the user into
computer commands.
Currently the chip uses about 100 hair-thin electrodes that sense
the electro-magnetic signature of neurons firing in specific areas of
the brain.
for example, the area that controls arm movement. The activity is
translated into electrically charged signals and are then sent and
decoded using a program, which can move either a robotic arm or a
computer cursor.
4. Cont…
4
The goal of the Brain Gate program is to develop a fast
and reliable connection between the brain of a severely
disabled person and a personal computer . The ‘Brain
Gate’ device can provide paralyses or motor-impaired
patients a mode of communication through the
translation of thought into direct computer control.
5. History
5
Father Of BRAIN GATE - Professor John Origin - Rhode Island
(U.S.A.)
Research on BCIs has been going on for more than 30 years, but
from the mid-1990s there has been a dramatic increase in working
experimental implants.
The year 1998 marked a significant development in the field of brain
mapping when researcher Philiip Kennedy implanted object into a
human being. However, the BCI object was of limited function.
John Donoghue and his team of Brown University researchers
formed a public traded company, Cyberkinetics, in 2001. The goal
was to commercially design a brain computer interface , the so
called Brain Gate.
Brain gate was developed by the bio-tech company Cyberkinetics in
2003 in conjunction with the Department of Neuroscience at Brown
University by Nicholas Halso.
6. Cont…
6
Brain Gate Research in animals:
At first, rats were implanted with BCI.
Signals recorded from the cerebral cortex of rat to operate BCI to
carry out the movement.
He was able to record individual neurons in rates, but that wasn’t
enough to unravel their signals.
7. Cont…
7
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh had demonstrated on a
monkey that can feed itself with a robotic arm simply by using
signals from its brain.(In 2002, Donoghue published a paper in
Nature)
Fig.- https://www.wired.co.uk/article/monkey playing a video game with its brain.
8. Cont…
8
In June 22, 2004, brain-computer interface had been
clinically tested on a human by an American company
Cyberkinetics.
The Nature report describes the first participant in these
trials, a 25-year-old man who had sustained a spinal cord
injury leading to paralysis in all four limbs three years prior to
the study.
Over a period of nine months, he took part in 57 sessions
during which the implanted Brain Gate sensor recorded
activity in his motor cortex while he imagined moving his
paralyzed limbs and then used that imagined motion for
several computer-based tasks such as, moving a computer
cursor to open simulated e-mail, draw circular shapes and
play simple video games.
9. What is Brain Gate ?
9
Brain gate is an electrode chip which can be
implemented in the brain. When it is
implemented in the brain, the electrical
signal exchanged by neurons within the
brain.
Those signals are sent to brain and it
executes body movement.
All the signaling process handled by special
software. The signal sends to the computer
and then the computer is controlled by
patient.
Whenever a man lost his brain
communication due to certain accidental
matter or he had loss his part of his body, at
that time this electrode chip can be
implemented on his brain and active the man
as well.
12. Basic Elements of BrainGate
12
The chip: A four-millimeter square silicon chip studded with
about 100 hair-thin microelectrodes is embedded in the
primary motor cortex-the region of the brain responsible for
controlling movement.
The connector: When somebody thinks ‚move cursor up and
left his cortical neurons fire in a distinctive pattern the signal
is transmitted through the pedestal plug attached to the skull.
The converter: The signal travels to an amplifier where it is
converted to optical data and bounced by fiber optic cable to
a computer.
The computer: Brain gate learns to associate patterns of
brain activity with particular imagined movements up, down,
left, right and to connect those movements to a cursor.
Cerebus 128 channel neural data acquisition system.
13. Neuro Chip
13
In 1992, Richard Normann created the Utah Electrode
Array, a thin sheet of silicon embedded with 100
conductive platinum-tipped needles that could sit inside
the cortex of a human brain.
A device to record from multiple neurons for getting big
data.
15. Neural DAQ
15
Cerebus 128 channel neural data acquisition system.
Fiber-optic link for noise immunity
High-resolution signal recording (30 kHz at 16 bits)
Interface to NeuroExplorer, Spike2, MATLAB, C/C++ and
other third-party software
AC input range : ± 8.191 mV
AC input conversion : 16-bit resolution at 0.25 μV/bit
Common mode rejection input range : ± 3.0 V
Common mode rejection : >90 dB at 50/60 Hz
High pass filter : 1st-order 0.3 Hz (full-bandwidth mode)
Low pass filter : 3rd-order Butterworth 7.5 kHz
17. How information is transmitted
17
Fig.- https://www.scribd.com/presentation/84905574/Braingate-technology.
18. Cont…
18
In BrainGate setup, the voice of a dozen neurons is
transmitted from a subject to the cart of machines,
where it is converted into spikes of data on a screen.
The general idea is you have these spike times coming
in since you know the exact timing of all the spikes of all
these channels.
It takes practice to train a machine to understand brain
commands.
20. Brain Signals
20
EEG Band
Type
Frequenc
y
Associated Brain Region and Intentions
Delta <4 Hz Deeper regions such as the thalamus;
continuous-attention tasks
Theta 4-8 Hz Hippocampus; memory
Mu (Alpha) 8-13 Hz Motor cortex; motor intentions
beta 18-24 Hz Motor cortex; motor intentions
Gamma >30 Hz Local neural circuits in cortex; motor intentions,
auditory processing, and speech production
21. Software behind Brain Gate
21
The computers translate brain activity and create the
communication output using custom decoding software.
System uses adaptive algorithms and pattern- matching
techniques to facilitate communication. The algorithms
are written in C, JAVA and MATLAB.
22. Brain Computer Interface
22
BCI :– Direct communication pathway between a brain
or brain cell culture and a device (computer).
One way BCI : Computers either accept commands from
the brain or send signals to it.
Two way BCI : Allow brains and external devices to
exchange information in both directions.
Invasive BCI – the chip is implanted directly into the grey
matter of the brain
produces the highest quality signals but are prone to scar
tissue build up.
Scar tissue causes the signal to become weaker and even
lost as the body reacts to a foreign object
23. Applications
23
Massachusetts native, Mathew
Nagel a 25 year-old quadriplegic
sits in a wheelchair with wires
coming out of a bottle-cap-size
connector stuck in his skull. The
wires run from 100 tiny sensors
implanted in his brain and out to
a computer. Using just his
thoughts, he was playing the
computer game Pong, control a
computer cursor.
It remained inside his brain for a
year. Although Nagle died from
his injuries in 2007.
24. Control the Robotic Arm
24
The person who is physically
Handicapped and not able to do any
movement of body parts, so that
person can use BrainGate to move
the Robotic Arm.
In April 2010, Hutchinson, 58, is the
first almost-fully paralyzed person to
maneuver a vessel to her mouth and
drink from it and she's completed
that action solely using her mind.
Hutchinson is tetraplegic; she was
paralysed from the neck down,
leaving her unable to speak, after a
brainstem stroke in 1996.
Using a blue-and-silver prosthetic
arm, this is the first time in more
than a decade that she has fed
herself.
25. 25
Neural data produced by a subject imagining their hand moving in a
set way. These spikes are translated into mechanical movement
26. Other Applications
26
In classification of EEG signal.
In multimedia communication.
In evaluation of spike detection algorithms.
Actuated control of mobile robot by human EEG.
To controlling the home appliances like TV, lights, fan
etc.
In evaluating the machine learning algorithms.
27. Advantages
27
Controlling remote devices
Making and receiving telephone calls
Accessing the internet.
Turn on or off the lights
Control robotic arm
Watch and control television
Use the pc
Locking or unlocking doors
Motorized wheelchair
28. Disadvantages
28
It is very Expensive.
Risky Surgery and Not Wireless yet
Difficulty in adaptation and learning.
Limitation in information transform rate. The
latest technology is 20bits/min.
29. BrainGate Research in India
29
In India basic brain science research is conducted only at
NBRC Manesar and IISC Bangalore by some students.
Although many work on closely related research involving
similar Neural Data Analysis Techniques applied on EEG,
EMG signals for neuroscienctific investigations.
In 2016, PESIT-Bangalore south campus, students made a
project of mini wheelchair by just focusing on a set of boxes
flickering on the screen using BCI application.
In recent, Dr. C. Kesavadas(Professor at SCTIMST
Trivandrum) involved in research on BCI collaborated with
Germany and Turkey under the new INDIGO partnership
program.
If India launch its own brain project, required apprx. 5000cr.
To funding for basics of neuroscience problems.
30. Future Enhancement
30
Feb,2016 A research team at Toyohashi University of
Technology in Japan has fabricated an implanted wireless
power transmission (WPT) device to deliver power to an
implanted neural interface system using thin film.
Avoids risk of infections through skull opening and leakage of
cerebrospinal fluid, and allows for free-moving subjects and more
flexible uses of brain-computer interfaces
31. Cont…
31
In March 2013, Researchers at Brown University have
succeeded in creating the first wireless, implantable,
rechargeable, long-term brain-computer interface with sealed
titanium, looks a lot like a pacemaker.
Inside there’s a li-ion battery, an inductive charging loop, a
chip that digitizes the signals from your brain, and an antenna
for transmitting those neural spikes to a nearby computer.
Small chip of 100 electrodes produce a lot of data, which the
BCI transmits at 24Mbps over the 3.2 and 3.8GHz bands to a
receiver that is one meter away.
The BCI’s battery takes two hours to charge via wireless
inductive charging, and then has enough juice to last for six
hours of use.
Power consumption is about 100mW only.
33. Non-EEG-based Human-Computer
Interface33
EEG-based interfaces also
require some time and effort
prior to each usage session,
whereas non-EEG-based ones,
as well as invasive ones require
no prior-usage training.
On 3 September 2014,
scientists at Duke University
reported that direct
communication between human
brains was possible over
extended distances through
Internet transmission of EEG
signals.
• In a recent 2016 article, an entirely new communication device and
non-EEG-based human-computer interface was developed,
requiring no visual fixation.
34. First Brain Implant in World
34
Nov. 2016, Doctors from Netherlands have performed
the first ever brain implant on a 58-year-old woman
paralysed by Loy Gehrig’s disease.
Neuroscientist and lead researcher of this project was
Nick Ramsay.
When De Bruijne watches the screen, she’ll see a
square moving over letter, she must imagine moving her
right hand to click on the letter.
After just six months of training , she can use the system
with 95% accuracy. “At first, it took her 50 seconds to
select a letter – she can now do it in 20 seconds.
35. Future Scope
35
Smaller ,wireless device .
Current new advances include a second-generation interface
software M*Power controller that will enable users to perform
a wide variety of daily activities without assistances of
technician.
Brain Gate is currently recruiting patients with a range of
neuromuscular and neuron degenerative conditions for pilot
clinical trials being conducted under an Investigational Device
Exemption (IDE)in the United States.
Cyber kinetics hopes to refine the Brain Gate in the next two
years to develop a wireless device doesn’t have a plug,
making it safer and less visible. And once the basics of brain
mapping are worked out, there is potential for a wide variety
of further applications
36. Conclusion
36
A number of developments have been taking place in the
field.
The idea of moving robots or prosthetic devices not by
manual control, but by mere thinking (i.e., the brain activity of
human subjects) has been a fascinated approach. Medical
cures are unavailable for many forms of neural and muscular
paralysis.
The enormity of the deficits caused by paralysis is a strong
motivation to pursue BMI solutions. So this idea helps many
patients to control the prosthetic devices of their own by
simply thinking about the task.
This technology is well supported by the latest fields of
Biomedical Instrumentation, Microelectronics, signal
processing, Artificial Neural Networks and Robotics which has
overwhelming developments. Hope these systems will be
effectively implemented for many Biomedical applications.
37. References
37
http://www.wired.co.uk/article/braingate/wired magazine May 2015.
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/shreya.sachan-1194988-ppt-of-
brain-gate-latest
Luca Citi, “Defining brain machine interface application by matching
interface performance with device requirements” Journal of Neuroscience
methods,167 (2008)
John P. Donoghue, “Connecting cortex to machine: recent advances in
brain interfaces”, Nature publishing group,5, 1085-1088
https://www.scribd.com/doc/38763994/Ppt-on-Brain-Gate
http://braincominterface.blogspot.in/2008/04/animal-bcis-research.html
http://studymafia.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/CSE BrainGate-
report.pdf
http://www.kurzweilai.net/powering-brain-implants-without-wires-with-thin-
film-wireless-power-transmission-system/feb,2016 news.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain computer_interface