This presentation describes the background of the cornea and the corneal diseases in general, also it describes in detailed manner how to manage the corneal ulcer with its different causes
This presentation describes the background of the cornea and the corneal diseases in general, also it describes in detailed manner how to manage the corneal ulcer with its different causes.
This presentation describes the background of the cornea and the corneal diseases in general, also it describes in detailed manner how to manage the corneal ulcer with its different causes.
A comprehensive summary of all the common corneal diseases starting from different types infective keratitis, non infective keratitis, corneal dystrophies, corneal ectasias to corneal degenerations.
orneal ulcer, also called keratitis, is an inflammatory or, more seriously, infective condition of the cornea involving disruption of its epithelial layer with involvement of the corneal stroma. It is a common condition in humans particularly in the tropics and in farming. In developing countries, children afflicted by vitamin A deficiency are at high risk for corneal ulcer and may become blind i
This presentation describes all clinical aspects of infectious corneal ulcers
You can watch the illustrated presentation in this link :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=okWDPG3C34g&list=PLZ_mM13I_TrhwqZuGjB6M9Z3n7MntrURd
This presentation describes all the clinical aspects of keratoconus management
You can watch the illustrated presentation in this link :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pYxwZPGm7e4&list=PLZ_mM13I_TrhWavjTmE9NjW1O5bGxkONO&index=13
This presentation describes all clinical aspects of glaucoma medications.....you can watch this presentation in video form at the following link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92xurWP41dA
This presentation describes all clinical aspects of congenital glaucoma....you can watch this presentation in video form at the following link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5YA2CYzb5c
Femtolasik...Indications and limitationsAmr Mounir
This presentation describes all indications and limitations of femtosecond laser surgery.....you can watch the illustrated video presentation in the following link:
https://youtu.be/vCwu-_hpWxA
This presentation describes all clinical aspects about primary open angle glaucoma ......
you can watch the illustrated video presentation at the following link : https://youtu.be/eA44Pu4l8Ow
This presentation describes all clinical aspects of primary angle closure glaucoma in a concentrated and simplified manner....you can watch the illustrated presentation at the following link:
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
8.
Three Layers
1.Epithelium & its Basement
2.Stroma & its ant condensation ( Bowman Zone(
3.Endothelium & its Basement (Descemet Membrane(
Structure
10.
From Anterior to Posterior
1.Epithelium
2.Bowman Zone
3.Stroma
4.Descemet Membrane
5.Endothelium
Structure
11.
50-60µm thick
Covers the stroma anteriorly
Continuous with epithelium of conjunctiva
Life of epithelial cells is 7 days
Prevent aqueous solutions to penetrate
Epithelium
15.
Central cornea is avascular
Corneoscleral limbus is generously supplied by
anterior conjunctival branches of the anterior ciliary
arteries
Aqueous humor and tear film provides nutrients
Blood supply
16.
Branches of the ophthalmic division of
trigeminal nerve and are solely sensory
Most are concentrated in the anterior stroma
beneath the Bowman zone and send branches
forward into epithelium
Descemet membrane and endothelium are not
innervated
Nerve Supply
17.
The microvilli of the anterior surface of the
squamous cell layer are wet by the mucin of tear film
These cells are joined by tight junctions that exclude
water soluble substances
Cornea
18.
Tight junctions of the epithelial cells
Endothelial pump mechanism
Absence of blood vessels
Absence of pigments
Scarcity of cell nuclei in stroma
Regular structure of stroma
Transparency
19.
Superficial
1.Punctate epithelial erosions
Tiny ,slightly depressed, epithelial defects
which stain with flourescein but not with
rose Bengal
PEE are non specific and may develop in a
wide variety of keratopathies
Signs of Corneal Disease
30.
Def: Corneal ulcers are defect in the corneal epithelium
with or without stromal infiltration.
Types:
A) Infectious ulcerative keratitis
B) Non infectious ulcerative keratitis
Corneal ulcers
31.
Bacteria and
Fungi
Bacteria and
Fungi VirusesViruses AcanthamoebaAcanthamoeba
Systemic
Autoimmune/
Inflammatory
Systemic
Autoimmune/
Inflammatory
Local ToxicLocal Toxic
InfectiousInfectiousNon infectiousNon infectious
EtiologyEtiology
32.
Causes:
Local causes:
Punctate marginal keratitis: Staphylococci, Streptococci, hypersensitivity to
medications
Peripheral keratitis associated with blepharitis:
Systemic causes:
Generally manifestation of systemic, immune-mediated disease
Most common: Rheumatoid arthritis, Wegener’s granulomatosis and
polyarteritis nodosa
Non Infectious Ulcerative Keratitis
33.
INFECTIOUSINFECTIOUS Non INFECTIOUSNon INFECTIOUS
Pain No pain
Discharge No discharge
AC reaction: present AC reaction: absent
Central Peripheral
Trauma: ++++ Trauma: -------
37. A corneal ulcer is an ocular emergency that
raises high stakes of questions about
diagnosis and management.
When a large corneal ulcer is staring you in
the face time isn't in your side.
Despite varying etiologies and presentations,
as well as different treatment approaches ,
corneal ulcers have one thing in common : the
potential to cause devastating loss of vision.
Important Facts
38.
1-Control of infection
2-Control of inflammation
3-Promotion of re-epithelialization –
lubrication – lid
closure – bandage
soft contact lens
4-Prevention of perforation
– tissue adhesive glue
– conjunctival flap
– systemic immunosuppressive agents
Corneal grafting
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
OF CORNEAL DISEASE
48.
Greyish-white ulcer with indistinct margins
Surrounded by feathery infilterates
Ring infilterate
Endothelial plaque
Hypopyon
History of vegetable matter
injury
49. Dull grey infiltrate.
Satellite lesions.
Awareness of those ulcers resembling bacterial
keratitis
Awareness of those caused by yeast better
defined borders
Real flags
Differentiators
63.
Opaque cells arranged in a course punctate
or stellate pattern
Central desquamation leads to a linear
branching ulcer. –Fluorescein
stain – Rose Bengal stain
–Diminished corneal
sensitivity
Anterior stromal infilterates
Geographical or amoeboid ulcer
DENDRITIC ULCER
72.
Conjunctival: Pinkish-white nodule surrounded by
hyperaemia
Corneal: May resolve spontaneously or extend
radially to the cornea. May cause severe ulceration or
perforation.
SIGNS
75.
keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS(:
Or
keratitis sicca: is a multifactorial disease of the tears and
the ocular surface disturbance with corneal
manifestations
Causes:
1-Dry eye
2-Vitamin A deficiency
Keratoconjunctivitis
Sicca
77.
Exposure keratopathy (EK) is the cornea damage that
occurs from prolonged exposure of the ocular surface to
the outside environment.
EK can lead to ulceration, microbial keratitis, and
permanent vision loss from scarring
Causes:
1-Lagophthalmos
2-Proptosis
3-Lid malposition
Exposure Keratopathy
79.
is a degenerative disease of the cornea caused by
damage of the trigeminal nerve which results in
impairment of corneal sensitivity, spontaneous corneal
epithelium breakdown, poor corneal healing and
development of corneal ulceration, melting and
perforation
Diagnosis:
by placing a cotton wad or cotton thread in contact with
the corneal surfaceCorneal sensitivity test:
Neurotrophic keratitis