How to write References & Legends??

1. References &
Legends
Dr. Amr Mounir
Assistant professor of Ophthalmology,
Sohag University

2. The following will be discussed
Styles
Citations
H-index
Figure legends
Table legends

3. References:
• References provide the information necessary for readers to
identify each work cited in the text.
•Cite current and key pertinent references
•Reference citations must be accurate and complete
•Read the references
• Use correct style for journal

4. The basics of a Reference List entry for a journal
article:
Author or authors.The surname is followed by first initials.
Year of publication of the article.
Article title (in single inverted commas).
Journal title (in italics).
Volume of journal.
Issue number of journal.
Page range of article.

5. Example:
Gray, L 2018, 'Exploring how and why young people use social
networking sites', Educational Psychology in Practice, vol. 34,
no. 2, pp. 175-194.

6. Referencing styles
There are four widely-used referencing styles:
- MLA (Modern Languages Association) system
MLA style is most used to cite sources within the language arts, cultural
studies, and other humanities disciplines.
-
- APA (American Psychological Association) system
-
This format was first developed in 1929 to form a standardized way for
researchers in science fields to document their sources..

7. Harvard system:
The popular format is typically used in assignments and
publications for humanities as well as natural, social and
behavioral sciences.
MHRA (Modern Humanities ResearchAssociation) system
The MHRA Style Guide is an essential reference for scholars,
students and editors in the Modern Humanities.

8. American Chemical Society (ACS) Style References Citations
Abstract:
Beharry, S.; Bragg, P.D. Properties of Bound Inorganic Phosphate on
Bovine Mitochondrial F1F0-ATP Synthase. J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 2001, 33,
35-42
Book:
Beall, H.;Trimbur, J. A Short Guide toWriting about Chemistry, 2nd
ed.; Longman: NewYork, 2001; pp 17-32.

9. American Chemical Society (ACS) Style
References Citations
Journals:
Labaree, D.C.; Reynolds,T.Y.; Hochberg, R.B. Estradiol-16a-
carboxylic Acid Esters as Locally Active Estrogens. J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44,
1802-1814.
Encyclopedias:
Diagnostic Reagents. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial
Chemistry, 5th ed;VCH:Weinheim, Germany, 1985, p. 196

10. How to write a Figure Legend??
Consider the following elements when writing your figure legend:
1)The title:The figure title should be a short title
2)The Methods: it should be detailed enough to explain what the
materials and methods shown were
3)The Results: Provide enough detail about the key result.
4) Definitions:This is an explanation of the features of a figure.

11. How to write a table
Legend??
Table legends are quite different from figure legends. Usually,
they consist only of a single phrase or sentence.
For example:
“Table 1. Patient characteristics.”
If you need to offer more detail about what a table shows, the
usual location for that information is in the table footnote, which
is placed after the table.
Table legends will almost always be quite short and be placed
above the table.

12. Don’t Forget:
Without exception, all figures and
tables that you use in your
manuscript must be cited in the
text.
In addition, you should number
your figures and tables in the order
of their appearance in the text.

13. Thank You
Hussein Bicar (1913-2002)