Cyber crime refers to any illegal activity involving computers or networks. Early cyber crimes included the first spam email in 1978 and the first computer virus in 1982. Cyber threats have evolved from using computers as simple tools to commit crimes like cyber theft to targeting computers directly through hacking and viruses. As technology advanced, criminals began using computers as instruments to aid crimes like money laundering. Common cyber crimes today include financial crimes, IP spoofing, trojans, web jacking, session hijacking, mail bombing, and keyloggers. Cyber security tools and practices like antivirus software, firewalls, passwords, and awareness can help prevent and defend against cyber crimes.

2. Contents

3. What is cyber crime?
 Cyber crime refers to any crime that involves a
computer/mobile and a network. The computer
may have been used in the commission of a
crime, or it may be the target.
 Cyber hackers apply all sorts of techniques
(hacking, use of malware for intercepting data,
etc.) in stealing personal or financial data from
their victims, generally from their computers.

4. History
 The first spam email took place in 1978 when it was
sent out over the ARPANET (Advanced Research
Projects Agency Network).
 The first virus was installed on an Apple computer by a
high school student, Rich Skrenta in the year 1982.

5. CYBER THREAT EVOLUTION

6. Computer as a tool
 When the individual is the main target of the crime the computer can be
considered as a tool rather than target.
 These crimes are not done by technical experts.
 Eg: Spam, cyber stalking , cyber theft etc.

7. Computer as a target
 These crimes are committed by a selected
group of people with technical knowledge.
 Destruction of information in the
computer by spreading virus.
 Eg : Defacement, cyber terrorism etc.
Defacement

8. Computer as an instrumentality
 The crime is committed by manipulating the contents of computer
systems.
 With the advent of computer the criminal have started using the
technology as an aid for its perpetuation.
 Eg: money laundering.

9. Crime associated with prevalence of
computers
 Copyright violation
 Material copied from sources that are not public domain or
compatibly licensed without the permission of copyright holder.
 Copyright violation causes legal issues.

10. Types of cyber crime
• Financial crimes
• IP spoofing
• Trojan
• Web jacking
• Session Hijacking
• Mail bombing
• Key loggers

11. Types Of crime
• Financial crime includes credit card frauds, money
laundering, Forgery etc
• Money laundering is the process by which large amount of
illegally obtained money is given the appearance of having
originated from a legitimate source

12. IP Spoofing – Source Routing
Definition:
Attacker spoofs the address of another machine and inserts
itself between the attacked machine and the spoofed machine
to intercept replies
Replies sent back
to 10.10.20.30
Spoofed Address
10.10.20.30
Attacker
10.10.50.50
John
10.10.5.5
From Address: 10.10.20.30
To Address: 10.10.5.5
Attacker intercepts packets
as they go to 10.10.20.30

13. Trojan & Web Jacking
• Trojan Horse-A Trojan as this program is aptly called, is an unauthorized program
which functions from inside what seems to be an authorized program, thereby
concealing what it is actually doing.
• Web jacking-This occurs when someone forcefully takes control of a website (by
cracking the password ). The actual owner of the website does not have any more
control over what appears on that website.

14. Attacker can
monitor the session
periodically inject commands into session
launch passive and active attacks from the session
Session Hijacking
Bob telnets to Server
Bob authenticates to Server
Bob
Attacker
Server
Die! Hi! I am Bob

15. Mail Bombing
• A mail bomb is the sending of a massive amount of e-mail to a
specific person or system. A huge amount of mail may simply fill
up the recipient's disk space on the server or, in some cases,
may be too much for a server to handle and may cause the
server to stop functioning.

16. Clickjacking
• Clickjacking is a form of cyber attack where the hacker uses an invisible layer over the
embedded web content (this could be an image, video or button) to intercept and
‘hijack’ you to a mirror website and mine information from you.

17. Keyloggers
• Keyloggers are regularly used in computers to log all the strokes a victim makes on the
keyboard.

18. Cyber security
• It is not possible to eliminate cyber crime from the cyber
space. It is quite possible to check them.
• Awareness is the first step in protecting yourself.
• Invest in Anti-virus, Firewall, and SPAM blocking software
for your PC.
• Change passwords on a regular basis
• Use complex passwords (include numbers and special
characters)

19. Cyber security
• Do not automatically check boxes before reading the
contents of any agreement of the software.
• Avoiding use of unauthorized software.
• Avoid opening of unknown emails.
• Use internet filtering software.
• Data Level Security Using encrypting software's
• Disable remote connectivity (such as Bluetooth)

20. ADVANTAGES OF CYBER SECURITY
• Defend us from critical attacks.
• Browse the safe website.
• Internet security process all the incoming and outgoing
data on our computer.

21. Conclusion
Technology is destructive only in the hands of people who do
not realize that they are one and the same process as the
universe.