Cyber crime refers to any criminal activity involving computers and networks. This document discusses the history of cyber crime, classifications, common types of cyber crimes like hacking and viruses, and approaches to cyber security and legal standards. It provides an overview of key topics relating to cyber crimes, security measures, and relevant laws.

1. CYBER CRIME AND
SECURITY

2. CONTENTS
 What is cyber crime?
 History
 Classification of cyber crime
 Types of cyber crime
 Cyber Security
 Cyber Security standards
 Cyber Law

3. W HAT IS CYBER CRIME ?
 Cyber crime refers to any crime that involves a
computer/mobile and a network. The computer may have
been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the
target.
 Cyber hackers apply all sorts of techniques (hacking, use
of malware for intercepting data, etc.) in stealing personal
or financial data from their victims, generally from their
computers.

4. HISTORY
 The first spam email took place in 1978 when it was sent
out over the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network).
 The first virus was installed on an Apple computer by a high
school student, Rich Skrenta in the year 1982.

5. Cyber Crime refers to all activities done with criminal
intent in cyberspace. These fall into three slots.
Cyberspace is the electronic medium of computer
networks in which online communication takes place.
 Those against persons.
 Against Business and Non-business organizations.
 Crime targeting the government.

6. C LASSIFICATION OF CYBER
CRIME
 Computer as a tool
 Computer as a target
 Computer as an instrumentality
 Crime associated with prevalence of computers

7. C OMPUTER AS A TOOL
 When the individual is the main target of the crime the
computer can be considered as a tool rather than target.
 These crimes are not done by technical experts.
 Eg: Spam, cyber stalking , cyber theft etc.

8. C OMPUTER AS A TARGET
 These crimes are committed by a selected group of
people with technical knowledge.
 Destruction of information in the computer by spreading
virus.
 Eg : Defacement, cyber terrorism etc.

9. C OMPUTER AS AN
INSTRUMENTALITY
 The crime is committed by manipulating the contents of
computer systems.
 With the advent of computer the criminal have started
using the technology as an aid for its perpetuation.
 Eg: Drug trafficking, money laundering etc.

10. C RIME ASSOCIATED WITH
PREVALENCE OF COMPUTERS
 Copyright violation
 Material copied from sources that are not public domain
or compatibly licensed without the permission of
copyright holder.
 Copyright violation causes legal issues.

11. T YPES OF CYBER CRIME
 Financial crimes
 Sale of illegal articles
 Online gambling
 Intellectual Property crimes
 Theft of information contained in electronic form
 Email bombing
 Key loggers

12. C ONTD .
 Cyber Defamation
 Cyber stalking
 Data Diddling
 Salami attacks
 Email spoofing
 Phishing
 Click jacking

13. C ONTD .
 Hacking
 Denial of Service attack
 Virus/worm attacks
 Logic bombs
 Trojan attacks
 Internet time theft
 Web jacking

14.  Financial crime includes credit card frauds, money
laundering, Forgery etc
 Money laundering is the process by which large amount
of illegally obtained money is given the appearance of
having originated from a legitimate source

15.  Sale of illegal articles includes selling of narcotic
drugs, weapons, wildlife etc to terrorists.
 Email bombing refers to sending a large amount of e-
mails to the victim resulting in crashing of victims e-mail
account or mail servers.
 Data diddling is a kind of an attack which involves
altering of raw data just before it is processed by a
computer and then changing it back after the processing
is completed.

16.  Intellectual Property Crimes includes software piracy,
copyright infringement, trademarks violations etc.
 Theft of information contained in electronic from-This
includes information stored in computer hard disks,
removable storage media etc.
 Web defacement is usually the substitution of the
original home page of a website with another page
(usually pornographic or defamatory in nature) by a
hacker.

17.  Cyber Defamation occurs when defamation takes place
with the help of computers and or the Internet e.g. e-mail
containing defamatory information about that person.
 What is defamation?
Defamation is the act of harming the reputation of person
by making a false statement to another.

18.  Cyber Stalking refers to the use of the Internet, e-mail, or
other electronic communications devices to stalk another
person.
 Stalking generally involves harassing or threatening
behavior that an individual engages in repeatedly, such as
following a person, appearing at a person's home or place
of business, making harassing phone calls, leaving written
messages or objects, or vandalizing a person's property.

19.  Denial of Service involves flooding computer resources
with more requests than it can handle. This causes the
resources to crash thereby denying authorized users the
service offered by the resources.
 Virus/worm are programs that attach themselves to a
computer or a file and then circulate themselves to other
files and to other computers on a network. They usually
affect the data on a computer, either by altering or
deleting it. Worms, unlike viruses don not need the host
to attach themselves to.

20.  Trojan Horse-A Trojan as this program is aptly called, is an
unauthorized program which functions from inside what
seems to be an authorized program, thereby concealing
what it is actually doing.
 Internet Time Theft-This connotes the usage by
unauthorized persons of the Internet hours paid for by
another person.
 Web jacking-This occurs when someone forcefully takes
control of a website (by cracking the password ). The
actual owner of the website does not have any more
control over what appears on that website.

21.  Logic bombs are dependent programs. This implies that
these programs are created to do something only when a
certain event occurs, e.g. some viruses may be termed
logic bombs because they lie dormant all through the year
and become active only on a particular date.
 E-Mail spoofing-A spoofed email is one that appears to
originate from one source but actually has been sent from
another source. This can also be termed as E-Mail forging.

22.  Salami attacks are used for the commission of financial
crimes. The key here is to make the alteration so
insignificant that in a single case it would go completely
unnoticed e.g. A bank employee inserts a program into
bank’s servers, that deducts a small amount from the
account of every customer.
 Clickjacking is a form of cyber attack where the hacker
uses an invisible layer over the embedded web content
(this could be an image, video or button) to intercept and
‘hijack’ you to a mirror website and mine information
from you.

23.  Cyber terrorism is the premeditated use of disruptive
activities, or the threat thereof, in cyber space, with the
intention to further social, ideological, religious, political
or similar objectives, or to intimidate any person in
furtherance of such objectives.
 Eg: A simple propaganda in the Internet/SMS, that there
will be bomb attacks during the holidays
 Mobile pickpocketing (SMS/call fraud), or the ability to
charge a phone bill via SMS billing and phone calls.
Malware uses these mechanisms to steal directly from
user accounts.

24.  Keyloggers are regularly used in computers to log all the
strokes a victim makes on the keyboard.
 Eg: If a key logger is installed on a computer which is
regularly used for online banking and other financial
transactions then their passwords can be taken without
the knowledge of the user

27. C YBER SECURITY
 It is not possible to eliminate cyber crime from the cyber
space. It is quite possible to check them.
 Awareness is the first step in protecting yourself.
 Invest in Anti-virus, Firewall, and SPAM blocking software
for your PC.
 Change passwords on a regular basis
 Use complex passwords (include numbers and special
characters)

28. C ONTD .
 Do not automatically check boxes before reading the
contents of any agreement of the software.
 Avoiding use of unauthorized software.
 Avoid opening of unknown emails.
 Use internet filtering software.
 Data Level Security Using encrypting softwares
 Disable remote connectivity (such as Bluetooth)

29. C YBER SECURITY STANDARDS
 Cyber security standards are security standards which
enable organizations to practice safe security techniques
to minimize the number of successful cyber security
attacks.
 It provides general outlines as well as specific techniques
for implementing cyber security.
 Some of the standards are ISO 27002,NERC, NIST,ISO
15408,RFC 2196,ISA-99.

30. L EGAL ACTS
• The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
• The Digital Millennium Copyright Act
• The Electronic Communications Privacy Act
• The Stored Communications Act
• Identity Theft and Aggravated Identity Theft
• Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act
• Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
• Internet Spyware Prevention Act

31. C ONTD .
 Stored Communications Act which is passed in 1986 is
focused on protecting the confidentiality, integrity and
availability of electronic communications that are
currently in some form of electronic storage
 Digital Millennium Copyright Act which is passed in
1998 is a United States copyright law that criminalizes
the production and dissemination of technology,
devices
 Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986
extends the government restrictions on wiretaps from
telephones.

32. C ONTD .
 Internet Spyware Prevention Act (I-SPY) prohibits the
implementation and use of spyware.
 Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) requires financial
institutions and credit agencies increase the security of
systems that contain their customers’ personal
information.
 Identity Theft and Aggravated Identity Theft defines
the conditions under which an individual has violated
identity theft laws.

33. C YBER LAW
 Cyberlaw is a generic term which refers to all the legal
and regulatory aspects of Internet and the World Wide
Web. Anything concerned with or related to or
emanating from any legal aspects or issues concerning
any activity of netizens in and concerning Cyberspace
comes within the ambit of Cyberlaw.

34. C YBERLAW P ROVISIONS IN
I NDIA
Offence Section under act
Tampering with Computer source Sec.65
documents
Hacking with Computer systems, Sec.66
Data alteration
Publishing obscene information Sec.67
Un-authorized access to Sec.70
protected system
Breach of Confidentiality and Sec.72
Privacy
Publishing false digital signature Sec.73
certificates

35. C ONTD .
Offence Section under act
Sending threatening messages Sec 503 IPC
by email
Sending defamatory messages Sec 499 IPC
by email
Forgery of electronic records Sec 463 IPC
Bogus websites, cyber frauds Sec 420 IPC
Email spoofing Sec 463 IPC
Web-Jacking Sec 383 IPC
E-Mail Abuse Sec 500 IPC
Online sale of Drugs NDPS Act
Online sale of Arms Arms Act

36.  Though we have so many methods to protect from
cyber crime, only awareness will help us to get rid of
this problem.
 In case of emergency to complaint about cyber crime
contact the following email ids and phone numbers.
 cbcyber@tn.nic.in ,cop@vsnl.net , cidap@cidap.gov.in
, info@cidap.gov.in
 0422-23452350, 98414-94329,22201026 ,22943050 .

37. REFERENCES
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer crime
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer security
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer crime
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber Security And Identity Theft
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber security standards
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber Security Tips
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Cybercrime and countermeasures
 Evolution_of_Cyber_Crime.pdf

38. Q UERIES ??!

39. THANK YOU