Data structure lecture 1
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In this PPTX i show you basic concept of function,struct,pointer etc.These are fundamentals of data structure.
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Computer Science:Pointers in C
Pointers in C-Definitions,Examples,,Use of & and *,Concept Of Address And Pointers , Pointers And Functions
Fundamentals of Pointers in C
This document discusses pointers in C programming. It defines a pointer as a variable that stores a memory address, specifically the location of another object in memory. It describes how to declare pointers using data type asterisk pointer name syntax. It explains common pointer operations like assignment, value finding, incrementing, and comparing. Pointers allow for efficient handling of arrays and structures. They can also be used to return multiple values from functions and for dynamic memory allocation using functions like malloc, calloc, realloc, and free. Parameters can be passed by value, where the argument value is copied, or by reference, where the address of the argument is passed and its value can be modified.
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This document discusses pointers in C programming. It defines pointers as variables that contain the memory addresses of other variables. It covers pointer variable declarations and initialization, the need for pointers, pointer operators like & and *, passing arguments by reference using pointers, pointer arithmetic, the relationship between pointers and arrays, and arrays of pointers. Pointers allow indirect access to variables, pass by reference, dynamic memory allocation, and are used to implement data structures like linked lists.
Pointers in c - Mohammad Salman
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- Memory can be dynamically allocated during runtime using pointers and the new operator. The delete operator frees up dynamically allocated memory.
Basics of pointer, pointer expressions, pointer to pointer and pointer in fun...
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Computer Science:Pointers in C
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This document discusses pointers in C programming. It defines a pointer as a variable that stores a memory address, specifically the location of another object in memory. It describes how to declare pointers using data type asterisk pointer name syntax. It explains common pointer operations like assignment, value finding, incrementing, and comparing. Pointers allow for efficient handling of arrays and structures. They can also be used to return multiple values from functions and for dynamic memory allocation using functions like malloc, calloc, realloc, and free. Parameters can be passed by value, where the argument value is copied, or by reference, where the address of the argument is passed and its value can be modified.
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This document discusses pointers in C programming. It defines pointers as variables that contain the memory addresses of other variables. It covers pointer variable declarations and initialization, the need for pointers, pointer operators like & and *, passing arguments by reference using pointers, pointer arithmetic, the relationship between pointers and arrays, and arrays of pointers. Pointers allow indirect access to variables, pass by reference, dynamic memory allocation, and are used to implement data structures like linked lists.
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Pointers in C store the address of another variable. They allow dynamic memory allocation at runtime and can refer to variables of any data type. Pointers help save memory space and improve performance. A pointer variable contains the address of another variable. Common pointer types include null pointers, void pointers, and wild pointers. Pointers are useful for accessing memory locations and forming complex data structures like linked lists. However, pointers also present risks like memory corruption if misused.
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- The & (address of) operator returns the address of its operand. The * (value at) operator accesses the value at the address stored in a pointer variable.
- Memory can be dynamically allocated during runtime using pointers and the new operator. The delete operator frees up dynamically allocated memory.
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Here are the programs to print elements of array and characters in string along with their memory addresses using pointers:
Program 1:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[] = {10, 20, 30, 40};
int *ptr;
ptr = arr;
printf("Elements of array: \n");
for(int i=0; i<4; i++)
{
printf("Element %d: %d Address: %p\n", i, *ptr, ptr);
ptr++;
}
return 0;
}
Program 2:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str
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Data structure lecture 1
- 1. Data Structure 1 Pointer, Function, structure, array, recursive function call
- 2. Pointers
- 3. Introduction • Pointers – Pointers are variables containing memory addresses of a variable with specific value. – A variable name directly references a value – A pointer indirectly reference a value. – A pointer ‘p’ pointing to a character ‘c’ –
- 4. Pointer Variable Declarations and Initialization • Pointer variables – Contain memory address as their value – Normal variables contain a specific value (direct reference) – Pointers contain address of a variable that has a specific value (indirect reference) – Indirection – referencing a pointer value • Pointer declarations – * used with pointer variables: e.g., int *myPtr; – Declares a pointer to an int (pointer of type int *) – Multiple pointers require using a * before each variable declaration: int *myPtr1, *myPtr2;
- 5. – Can declare pointers to any data type – Initialize pointers to 0, NULL, or an address • 0 or NULL –points to nothing (NULL preferred)
- 6. Calling Functions by Reference • Call by reference with pointer arguments – Pass address of argument using & operator – Allows you to change actual location in memory – Arrays are not passed with & because the array name is already a pointer.
- 7. Pointer Expressions and Pointer Arithmetic • Arithmetic operations can be performed on Pointers – Increment/decrement pointer (++ or --) – Add an integer to a pointer( + or += , - or -=) – Pointers may be subtracted from each other
- 8. • 5 element int array on machine with 4 byte int – vPtr points to first element v[ 0 ] – at location 3000 (vPtr = 3000) – vPtr += 2; sets vPtr to 3008 – vPtr points to v[ 2 ] (incremented by 2), but the machine has 4 byte int, so it points to address 3008
- 9. sizeof Operator • Sizeof – Returns size of operand in bytes – For arrays: size of 1 element *number of elements – sizeof can be used with • Variable names • Type name • Constant values
- 10. Relationship Between Pointers and Arrays • Arrays and pointers closely related – Array name like a constant pointer – Pointers can do array subscripting operations
- 11. Pointer-to-pointers • We can have pointers to – int, char, float, any structure…. • Declaration of a pointer-to-pointer: • int **ipp; where two * indicates two level of pointers.
- 12. • ipp points to ip1 which points to i. • **ipp is i, or 10.
- 13. Pointers to Functions • Pointer to function – Contains address of function – Similar to how array name is address of first element – Function name is starting address of code that defines Function • Function pointers can be – Passed to functions – Stored in arrays – Assigned to other function pointers
- 14. Data Structure Books • Text Books: • Mark Allen Weiss - Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C, 2nd Edition, Addison-Wesley, 1997 • P.S. Deshpande and O.G. Kakde - C and Data Structures, Charles Rive Media, 2004 • Reference Books: • Data structures and problem solving using C++, By Mark Allen Weiss - Addison-Wesley (2000)