Computer System Architecture Lecture Note 4: intel microprocessors
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The document discusses the history and evolution of Intel microprocessors from 1971 to present. It describes each generation of Intel processors including the 4004, 8008, 8080, 8086, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, Core, and i-series. For each processor, it provides details like clock speed, number of transistors, instruction sets, cache sizes, and new technologies introduced. The document aims to chronicle the major developments and improvements in Intel microprocessors over time that have made computers more powerful and advanced.
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Computer System Architecture Lecture Note 4: intel microprocessors
- 1. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html CSC 203 1.5 Computer System Architecture Budditha Hettige Department of Statistics and Computer Science University of Sri Jayewardenepura
- 2. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html IntelIntel Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History 2
- 3. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Intel 4004 (1971) – 0.1 MHz – 4 bit – World first Single chip microprocessor – Instruction set contained 46 instructions – Register set contained 16 registers of 4 bits each 3
- 4. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Intel 8008 (1972) – Max. CPU clock rate 0.5 MHz to 0.8 MHz – 8-bit CPU with an external 14-bit address bus – could address 16KB of memory – had 3,500 transistors 4
- 5. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Intel 8080 (1974) – second 8-bit microprocessor – Max. CPU clock rate 2 MHz – Large 40-pin DIP packaging – 16-bit address bus and an 8-bit data bus – Easy access to 64 kilobytes of memory – Processor had seven 8-bit registers, (A, B, C, D, E, H, and L) 5
- 6. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Intel 8086 (1978) – 16-bit microprocessor – Max. CPU clock rate 5 MHz to 10 MHz – 20-bit external address bus gave a 1 MB physical address – 16-bit registers including the stack pointer, 6
- 7. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Intel 80286 (1978) – 16-bit x86 microprocessor – 134,000 transistors – Max. CPU clock rate 6 MHz to 25 MHz – Run in two modes • Protected mode • Real mode 7
- 8. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Intel 80386 (1985) – 32-bit Microprocessor – 275,000 transistors – 16-bit data bus – Max. CPU clock rate 12 MHz to 40 MHz – Instruction set • x86 (IA-32) 8
- 9. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Intel 80486 (1989) – Max. CPU clock rate 16 MHz to 100 MHz – FSB speeds 16 MHz to 50 MHz – Instruction set x86 (IA-32) – An 8 KB on-chip SRAM cache stores – 486 has a 32-bit data bus and a 32-bit address bus. – Power Management Features and System Management Mode (SMM) became a standard feature 9
- 10. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Intel Pentium I (1993) – Intel's 5th generation micro architecture – Operated at 60 MHz – powered at 5V and generated enough heat to require a CPU cooling fan – Level 1 CPU cache from 16 KB to 32 KB – Contained 4.5 million transistors – compatible with the common Socket 7 motherboard configuration 10
- 11. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Intel Pentium II (1997) – Intel's sixth-generation microarchitecture – 296-pin Staggered Pin Grid Array (SPGA) package (Socket 7) – speeds from 233 MHz to 450 MHz – Instruction set IA-32, MMX – cache size was increased to 512 KB – better choice for consumer-level operating systems, such as Windows 9x, and multimedia applications 11
- 12. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Intel Pentium III (1999) – 400 MHz to 1.4 GHz – Instruction set IA-32, MMX, SSE – L1-Cache: 16 + 16 KB (Data + Instructions) – L2-Cache: 512 KB, external chips on CPU module at 50% of CPU-speed – the first x86 CPU to include a unique, retrievable, identification number 12
- 13. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Intel Pentium IV (2000) – Max. CPU clock rate 1.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz – Instruction set x86 (i386), x86-64, MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3 – featured Hyper-Threading Technology (HTT) – The 64-bit external data bus – More than 42 million transistors – Processor (front-side) bus runs at 400MHz, 533MHz, 800MHz, or 1066MHz – L2 cache can handle up to 4GB RAM – 2MB of full-speed L3 cache 13
- 14. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Intel Core Duo – Processing Die Transistors 151 million – Consists of two cores – 2 MB L2 cache – All models support: MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, EIST , XD bit – FSB Speed 533 MHz – Intel® Virtualization Technology (VT-x) – Execute Disable Bit 14
- 15. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Pentium Dual-Core – Max. CPU clock rate 1.3 GHz to 2.6 GHz – based on either the 32-bit Yonah or (with quite different microarchitectures) 64-bit Merom-2M – Instruction set MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, x86-64 – FSB speeds 533 MHz to 800 MHz – Cores 2 15
- 16. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Intel Core Due – Clock Speed 1.2 GHz – L2 Cache 2 MB – FSB Speed 533 MHz – Instruction Set 32-bit – Processing Die Transistors 151 million – Advanced Technologies • Intel® Virtualization Technology (VT-x) • Enhanced Intel SpeedStep® Technolog • Execute Disable Bit 16
- 17. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Core 2 due – Cores 2 , Threads 2 – Clock Speed 3.33 GHz – L2 Cache 6 MB – FSB Speed 1333 MHz – Processing Die Transistors 410 million – Advanced Technologies • Intel® Virtualization Technology (VT-x) • Intel® Virtualization Technology for Directed IO (VT-d) • Intel® Trusted Execution Technology • Intel® 64 • Idle States • Enhanced Intel SpeedStep® Technology • Thermal Monitoring Technologies • Execute Disable Bit 17
- 18. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Intel Core 2 Quad – Cores 4 , Threads 4 – Clock Speed 3. GHz – L2 Cache 12 MB – FSB Speed 1333 MHz – Processing Die Transistors 410 million – Advanced Technologies • Intel® Virtualization Technology (VT-x) • Intel® Virtualization Technology for Directed IO (VT-d) • Intel® Trusted Execution Technology • Intel® 64 • Idle States • Enhanced Intel SpeedStep® Technology • Thermal Monitoring Technologies • Execute Disable Bit 18
- 19. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Core i3 – Cores 2 – Threads 4 – Clock Speed 2.13 GHz – Intel® Smart Cache 3 MB – Instruction Set 64-bit Instruction Set Extensions SSE4.1,SSE4.2 – Max Memory Size 8 GB – Processing Die Transistors 382 million – Technologies • Intel® Trusted Execution Technology • Intel® Fast Memory Access • Intel® Flex Memory Access 19
- 20. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Core i5 – Cores 2 – Threads 4 – Clock Speed 1.7 - 3.0 GHz – Max Memory Size 8 GB – Processing Die Transistors 382 million – Technologies • Intel® Trusted Execution Technology • Intel® Fast Memory Access • Intel® Flex Memory Access • Intel® Anti-Theft Technology • Intel® My WiFi Technology • 4G WiMAX Wireless Technology • Idle States – 202011
- 21. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Microprocessor HistoryMicroprocessor History • Core i7 – Cores 4 – Threads 8 – Clock Speed 3.4 GHz – Max Turbo Frequency 3.8 GHz – Intel® Smart Cache 8 MB Technologies Intel® Turbo Boost Technology 2.0Intel® vPro Technology Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology Intel® Virtualization Technology (VT-x) Intel® Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O (VT-d) Intel® Trusted Execution Technology AES New Instructions Intel® 64 Idle States Enhanced Intel SpeedStep® Technology Thermal Monitoring Technologies Intel® Fast Memory Access Intel® Flex Memory Access Execute Disable Bit 21
- 22. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Summary –Summary – Processor Family Vs BusesProcessor Family Vs Buses 22
- 23. Budditha Hettige http://www.dscs.sjp.ac.lk/~budditha/index.html Summary - Intel processors (1)Summary - Intel processors (1) 23