Stack is a collection based on the principle of adding elements and retrieving them in the opposite order
What is STACK?
Stack Operations
Applications
Built-in Stack
Downloadable Resources
Data Structures are the programmatic way of storing data so that data can be used efficiently
Introduction to DSA
Advantages & Disadvantages
Abstract Data Type (ADT)
Linear Array List
Downloadable Resources
A sorting algorithm is an algorithm that puts elements of a list in a certain order. The most-used orders are numerical order and lexicographical order
What is sorting algorithm
The bubble sort
The selection sort
The insertion sort
The Quick sort
The Shell Sort
Queue is a collection whose elements are added at one end and removed from the other end
What is a Queue
Conceptual View of a Queue
Uses of Queues in Computing
Operations on a Queue
Implementation of a Queue
Applications
Downloadable Resources
Link list is a second most commonly used general purpose storage structures after arrays
What is Link List
Advantages
Disadvantages
Java Implementation of a Link List
Applications
Data Structures are the programmatic way of storing data so that data can be used efficiently
Introduction to DSA
Advantages & Disadvantages
Abstract Data Type (ADT)
Linear Array List
Downloadable Resources
A sorting algorithm is an algorithm that puts elements of a list in a certain order. The most-used orders are numerical order and lexicographical order
What is sorting algorithm
The bubble sort
The selection sort
The insertion sort
The Quick sort
The Shell Sort
Queue is a collection whose elements are added at one end and removed from the other end
What is a Queue
Conceptual View of a Queue
Uses of Queues in Computing
Operations on a Queue
Implementation of a Queue
Applications
Downloadable Resources
Link list is a second most commonly used general purpose storage structures after arrays
What is Link List
Advantages
Disadvantages
Java Implementation of a Link List
Applications
Queues
a. Concept and Definition
b. Queue as an ADT
c. Implementation of Insert and Delete operation of:
• Linear Queue
• Circular Queue
For More:
https://github.com/ashim888/dataStructureAndAlgorithm
http://www.ashimlamichhane.com.np/
https://github.com/ashim888/dataStructureAndAlgorithm
Stack
Concept and Definition
• Primitive Operations
• Stack as an ADT
• Implementing PUSH and POP operation
• Testing for overflow and underflow conditions
Recursion
• Concept and Definition
• Implementation of:
¬ Multiplication of Natural Numbers
¬ Factorial
¬ Fibonacci Sequences
The Tower of Hanoi
Queues
a. Concept and Definition
b. Queue as an ADT
c. Implementation of Insert and Delete operation of:
• Linear Queue
• Circular Queue
For More:
https://github.com/ashim888/dataStructureAndAlgorithm
http://www.ashimlamichhane.com.np/
https://github.com/ashim888/dataStructureAndAlgorithm
Stack
Concept and Definition
• Primitive Operations
• Stack as an ADT
• Implementing PUSH and POP operation
• Testing for overflow and underflow conditions
Recursion
• Concept and Definition
• Implementation of:
¬ Multiplication of Natural Numbers
¬ Factorial
¬ Fibonacci Sequences
The Tower of Hanoi
Join us in Developer++: DSA Series which is an C++ workshop series organized to upskill Data Structures & Algorithms concepts and problem solving in C++ Language. This event is going to be hosted by Prof. Piyush Kumar Soni who is an assistant professor at NMIMS MPSTME Shirpur campus with an experience of 9 year. This session is going to cover core topics of DSA like Vector, LinkedList, Stack and Queue, along with their implementation using STL Library.
Objectives Assignment 09 Applications of Stacks COS.docxdunhamadell
Objectives
Assignment 09: Applications of Stacks
COSC 2336: Data Structures and Algorithms Fall 2020
• More practice with recursion.
• Practice writing some template functions.
• Use stack ADT to implement given algorithms.
• Practice using Stack class container given as a library in a separate file. • Look at some common applications of stacks.
Description
In this assignment, you will be using the Stack abstract data type we developed for this unit and discussed in our lectures, to implement 4 functions that use a stack data type to accomplish their algorithms. The functions range from relatively simple, straight forward use of a stack, to a bit more complex. But in all 4 cases, you should only need to use the abstract stack interface functions push(), pop(), top(), and isEmpty() in order to successfully use our Stack type for this assignment and the function you are asked to write.
NOTE
You are to use the Stack ADT abstraction give to you for this assignment. If you are familiar with STL stack containers, you are not to use them for this assignment. Part of the assignment is to look over and learn the Stack ADT implementation we give you here based on our textbook Stack examples.
Setup
For this assignment you will be given the following files:
File Name
assg09-tests.cpp assg09-stackfun.hpp assg09-stackfun.cpp Stack.hpp
Stack.cpp
Description
Unit tests for the member functions
you are to write.
Header file where function prototypes for the functions you write using stacks should go. Implementaiton file, the implementation of the 4 functions you write for this assignment go here. Header file defining a Stack ADT for use in implementing the functions for this assignment. You will not make any modifications in this file, you are only going to be using the given Stack. Implementation file for the Stack ADT
template class. You also do not make any changes in this file either.
Set up a multi-file project to compile the .cpp source files and run them as shown for the class. The Makefile you were given should be usable to create a build project using the Atom editor as required in this class. You will only be adding code to the assg09-stackfun.[hpp|cpp] file in this assignment. The Stack.[hpp|cpp] file contains a Stack container. You are to use this Stack ADT for the 4 functions you are to write for this assignment.
1
The general approach you should take for this assignment, and all assignment is:
Set up your project with the given starting code. The files should compile and run, but either no tests will be run, or tests will run but be failing.
For this project, start by uncommenting the first TEST_CASE in the assg09-tests.cpp file. These are the unit tests to test the functionality of your doParenthesisMatch() function, the member function you are to implement.
AddthecorrectfunctionprototypeforthedoParenthesisMatch()memberfunctionintheassg09-stackfun.hpp header file. The prototyp.
Assg 14 C++ Standard Template Library (STL)(Extra Credit .docxfestockton
Assg 14: C++ Standard Template Library (STL)
(Extra Credit Opportunity)
COSC 2336 Fall 2019
Dates:
Due: Sunday December 08, by Midnight
Objectives
ˆ Practice using an enterprise level set of data structures and algorithms
provided by the STL.
ˆ Connect what we learned about things like stacks, queues, lists, dictio-
naries, etc. to their implementations and applications from the C++
STL.
Description
This assignment is a bit di�erent than the previous assignments in the class,
and is being given as an extra credit opportunity. The assignment is open
ended. I have described 7 tasks or items you can perform, involving the
C++ standard template library. I will give up to 5 points for each of the 7
tasks (for a total of up to 35 points), that will be considered extra credit,
and applied to your programming assignment portion of the course grade to
make up some points on past programs in the class.
This assignment is open ended. I have not given you any starting code or
tests/assertions to use for the assignment. To get credit for the assignment,
you should submit a single �le named "assg14-stl.cpp". The �le should be
compilable and runnable using the C++ IDE/compiler environment you and
I have been using this semester for the class assignments. I would prefer that
you create a separate function for each of the tasks you chose to submit work
for, and that your main function simply calls each of the functions for the
1
task. Your functions should be documented and code formatted using the
usual class style guidelines. You can make up some work for the functions
to do, e.g. to pass them in a parameter and return a value, if you wish.
However, it is also su�cient to simply have void functions that take no
parameters. You should, though, add some output and test assertions of
your own to demonstrate your code working on the tasks using the STL
containers and algorithms. Also if you do more than 1 task demonstrating
a container, make sure you always use a di�erent type to be stored in the
container. For example, don't demonstrate all of your containers on <int>
values, use a variety like <double> <string> <char>, or even better, create
your own small structure or class and demonstrate a container of those user
de�ned types you created.
You should use our textbook for reference on using the STL containers
and algorithms. Another good online reference for the C++ STL is:
cplusplus.com: http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/stl/
You may work on any of the following tasks for this extra credit oppor-
tunity:
1. The STL divides up its containers into 4 categories. The simplest are
the sequence containers, which are intended to store data and access
it in a sequential manner. Vectors are like basic arrays in C, but they
are dynamic and have the ability to resize themselves automatically
when an element is inserted or deleted. Vectors really use C arrays
for their implementation. Insertion can be done in O(1) time to the
end, though if the vecto ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
4. Stacks
• stack: A collection based on the principle of adding elements
and retrieving them in the opposite order.
– Last-In, First-Out ("LIFO")
– Elements are stored in order of insertion.
• We do not think of them as having indexes.
– Client can only add/remove/examine
the last element added (the "top").
• basic stack operations:
– push: Add an element to the top.
– pop: Remove the top element.
– peek: Examine the top element.
stack
top 3
2
bottom 1
pop, peekpush
5. Stacks in computer science
• Programming languages and compilers:
– method calls are placed onto a stack (call=push, return=pop)
– compilers use stacks to evaluate expressions
• Matching up related pairs of things:
– find out whether a string is a palindrome
– examine a file to see if its braces { } match
– convert "infix" expressions to pre/postfix
• Sophisticated algorithms:
– searching through a maze with "backtracking"
– many programs use an "undo stack" of previous operations
method3
return var
local vars
parameters
method2
return var
local vars
parameters
method1
return var
local vars
parameters
6. Class Stack
Stack() constructs a new stack with elements
push(value) places given value on top of stack
pop() removes top value from stack and returns it;
throws EmptyStackException if stack is empty
peek() returns top value from stack without removing it;
throws EmptyStackException if stack is empty
size() returns number of elements in stack
isEmpty() returns true if stack has no elements
12. Stack limitations/idioms
• You cannot loop over a stack in the usual way.
Stack s = new Stack(10);
...
for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); i++) {
do something with s.get(i);
}
• Instead, you pull elements out of the stack one at a time.
– common idiom: Pop each element until the stack is empty.
// process (and destroy) an entire stack
while (!s.isEmpty()) {
do something with s.pop();
}
16. Different types of Stack
• Stack can be implement for different data types
16
Change the type
Int, float, char , double
etc
17. Object Stack
• Stack can also implement for a class object
– Date
– Item
– Student
• Re implement all the methods
17
18. Example 2: Reversing (palindromic)
• A palindromic number or numeral
palindrome is a number that remains the
same when its digits are reversed. Like
16461 Write a Java program to check given
number is palindrome or NOT.
• Create new Stack class (char Stack) and
improve your program to check given word
is palindrome or NOT.
18
19. Example 3: Delimiter Matching
• The delimiters are the braces { and }, brackets [ and
], and parentheses ( and ).
• Each opening or left delimiter should be matched by
a closing or right delimiter; that is, every { should be
followed by a matching } and so on.
• Example
– c[d] // correct
– a{b[c]d}e // correct
– a{b(c]d}e // not correct; ] doesn’t match
– a[b{c}d]e} // not correct; nothing matches final
– a{b(c) // not correct; nothing matches opening {
19
24. Sample Questions
a) Discuss the Abstract Data Type with considering a Stack
b) What are the practical examples for the usage of Stack, and
Leaner List.
c) Write suitable C++ code (functions) to implement the
following stack Operations (Use Array based stack to
represent integer values )
– Stack()
– Puch(value)
– Pop()
– isEmpty()
– isFull()
– [5 marks]
• Use the above Stack class and write a C++ program to read
decimal number and convert it into Octal.
24