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William Stallings
Computer Organization
and Architecture
6th Edition
Chapter 1
Introduction
Architecture & Organization 1
• Architecture is those attributes visible to the
programmer
—Instruction set, number of bits used for data
representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing
techniques.
—e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?

• Organization is how features are implemented
—Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.
—e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by
repeated addition?
Architecture & Organization 2
• All Intel x86 family share the same basic
architecture
• The IBM System/370 family share the same
basic architecture
• This gives code compatibility
—At least backwards

• Organization differs between different versions
Structure & Function
• Structure is the way in which components relate
to each other
• Function is the operation of individual
components as part of the structure
Function
• All computer functions are:
—Data processing
—Data storage
—Data movement
—Control
Functional view
Operations (1) Data movement
Operations (2) Storage
Operation (3) Processing from/to storage
Operation (4)
Processing from storage to I/O
Structure - Top Level

Peripherals

Computer
Central
Processing
Unit

Computer

Systems
Interconnection

Input
Output
Communication
lines

Main
Memory
Structure - The CPU

CPU
Computer

Arithmetic
and
Login Unit

Registers

I/O
System
Bus
Memory

CPU

Internal CPU
Interconnection

Control
Unit
Structure - The Control Unit

Control Unit
CPU

Sequencing
Login

ALU
Internal
Bus
Registers

Control
Unit

Control Unit
Registers and
Decoders

Control
Memory
Outline of the Book (1)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Computer Evolution and Performance
Computer Interconnection Structures
Internal Memory
External Memory
Input/Output
Operating Systems Support
Computer Arithmetic
Instruction Sets
Outline of the Book (2)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

CPU Structure and Function
Reduced Instruction Set Computers
Superscalar Processors
Control Unit Operation
Microprogrammed Control
Multiprocessors and Vector Processing
Digital Logic (Appendix)
Internet Resources
- Web site for book
• http://WilliamStallings.com/COA6e.html
—links to sites of interest
—links to sites for courses that use the book
—errata list for book
—information on other books by W. Stallings

• http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html
—Math
—How-to
—Research resources
—Misc
Internet Resources
- Web sites to look for
• WWW Computer Architecture Home Page
• CPU Info Center
• ACM Special Interest Group on Computer
Architecture
• IEEE Technical Committee on Computer
Architecture
• Intel Technology Journal
• Manufacturer’s sites
—Intel, IBM, etc.
Internet Resources
- Usenet News Groups
•
•
•
•

comp.arch
comp.arch.arithmetic
comp.arch.storage
comp.parallel

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Computer organiztion6

  • 1. William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction
  • 2. Architecture & Organization 1 • Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer —Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. —e.g. Is there a multiply instruction? • Organization is how features are implemented —Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. —e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?
  • 3. Architecture & Organization 2 • All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture • The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture • This gives code compatibility —At least backwards • Organization differs between different versions
  • 4. Structure & Function • Structure is the way in which components relate to each other • Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure
  • 5. Function • All computer functions are: —Data processing —Data storage —Data movement —Control
  • 9. Operation (3) Processing from/to storage
  • 11. Structure - Top Level Peripherals Computer Central Processing Unit Computer Systems Interconnection Input Output Communication lines Main Memory
  • 12. Structure - The CPU CPU Computer Arithmetic and Login Unit Registers I/O System Bus Memory CPU Internal CPU Interconnection Control Unit
  • 13. Structure - The Control Unit Control Unit CPU Sequencing Login ALU Internal Bus Registers Control Unit Control Unit Registers and Decoders Control Memory
  • 14. Outline of the Book (1) • • • • • • • • Computer Evolution and Performance Computer Interconnection Structures Internal Memory External Memory Input/Output Operating Systems Support Computer Arithmetic Instruction Sets
  • 15. Outline of the Book (2) • • • • • • • CPU Structure and Function Reduced Instruction Set Computers Superscalar Processors Control Unit Operation Microprogrammed Control Multiprocessors and Vector Processing Digital Logic (Appendix)
  • 16. Internet Resources - Web site for book • http://WilliamStallings.com/COA6e.html —links to sites of interest —links to sites for courses that use the book —errata list for book —information on other books by W. Stallings • http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html —Math —How-to —Research resources —Misc
  • 17. Internet Resources - Web sites to look for • WWW Computer Architecture Home Page • CPU Info Center • ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture • IEEE Technical Committee on Computer Architecture • Intel Technology Journal • Manufacturer’s sites —Intel, IBM, etc.
  • 18. Internet Resources - Usenet News Groups • • • • comp.arch comp.arch.arithmetic comp.arch.storage comp.parallel