1. UG Program
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Chapter 1: Introduction
Computer Architecture and
Organization
(ECEG-3202 )

2. Sem. I, 2014/15
Architecture & Organization
 Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer
 Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O
mechanisms, addressing techniques.
 e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
 Organization is how features are implemented
 Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.
 e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated
addition?
2Computer Architecture and Organization

3. Sem. I, 2014/15
Architecture & Organization …
 All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture
 The IBM System/370 family share the same basic
architecture
 This gives code compatibility
 At least backwards
 Organization differs between different versions
3Computer Architecture and Organization

4. Sem. I, 2014/15
Structure & Function
 Structure is the way in which components relate to each
other
 Function is the operation of individual components as part
of the structure
4Computer Architecture and Organization

5. Sem. I, 2014/15
Function
 All computer functions are:
 Data processing
 Data storage
 Data movement
 Control
5Computer Architecture and Organization

6. Sem. I, 2014/15
Functional View
6Computer Architecture and Organization

7. Sem. I, 2014/15
Operations (a) Data movement
7Computer Architecture and Organization

8. Sem. I, 2014/15
Operations (b) Storage
8Computer Architecture and Organization

9. Sem. I, 2014/15
Operation (c) Processing from/to storage
9Computer Architecture and Organization

10. Sem. I, 2014/15
Operation (d) Processing from storage to I/O
10Computer Architecture and Organization

11. Sem. I, 2014/15
Structure - Top Level
11Computer Architecture and Organization
Computer
Main
Memory
Input
Output
Systems
Interconnection
Peripherals
Communication
lines
Central
Processing
Unit
Computer

12. Sem. I, 2014/15
Structure - The CPU
12Computer Architecture and Organization
Computer Arithmetic
and
Login Unit
Control
Unit
Internal CPU
Interconnection
Registers
CPU
I/O
Memory
System
Bus
CPU

13. Sem. I, 2014/15
Structure - The Control Unit
13Computer Architecture and Organization
CPU
Control
Memory
Control Unit
Registers and
Decoders
Sequencing
Logic
Control
Unit
ALU
Registers
Internal
Bus
Control Unit

14. UG Program
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
End Of Chapter 1
Computer Architecture and
Organization
(ECEG-3202 )