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William Stallings
Computer Organization
and Architecture
7th Edition
Chapter 1
Introduction
Architecture & Organization 1
• Architecture is those attributes visible to
the programmer
—Instruction set, number of bits used for data
representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing
techniques.
—e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
• Organization is how features are
implemented
—Control signals, interfaces, memory
technology.
—e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it
done by repeated addition?
Architecture & Organization 2
• All Intel x86 family share the same basic
architecture
• The IBM System/370 family share the
same basic architecture
• This gives code compatibility
—At least backwards
• Organization differs between different
versions
Structure & Function
• Structure is the way in which components
relate to each other
• Function is the operation of individual
components as part of the structure
Function
• All computer functions are:
—Data processing
—Data storage
—Data movement
—Control
Functional View
Operations (a) Data movement
Operations (b) Storage
Operation (c) Processing from/to storage
Operation (d)
Processing from storage to I/O
Structure - Top Level
Computer
Main
Memory
Input
Output
Systems
Interconnection
Peripherals
Communication
lines
Central
Processing
Unit
Computer
Structure - The CPU
Computer Arithmetic
and
Login Unit
Control
Unit
Internal CPU
Interconnection
Registers
CPU
I/O
Memory
System
Bus
CPU
Structure - The Control Unit
CPU
Control
Memory
Control Unit
Registers and
Decoders
Sequencing
Login
Control
Unit
ALU
Registers
Internal
Bus
Control Unit
Outline of the Book (1)
• Computer Evolution and Performance
• Computer Interconnection Structures
• Internal Memory
• External Memory
• Input/Output
• Operating Systems Support
• Computer Arithmetic
• Instruction Sets
Outline of the Book (2)
• CPU Structure and Function
• Reduced Instruction Set Computers
• Superscalar Processors
• Control Unit Operation
• Microprogrammed Control
• Multiprocessors and Vector Processing
• Digital Logic (Appendix)
Internet Resources
- Web site for book
• http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA7e.html
—links to sites of interest
—links to sites for courses that use the book
—errata list for book
—information on other books by W. Stallings
• http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html
—Math
—How-to
—Research resources
—Misc
Internet Resources
- Web sites to look for
• WWW Computer Architecture Home Page
• CPU Info Center
• Processor Emporium
• ACM Special Interest Group on Computer
Architecture
• IEEE Technical Committee on Computer
Architecture
• Intel Technology Journal
• Manufacturer’s sites
—Intel, IBM, etc.
Internet Resources
- Usenet News Groups
• comp.arch
• comp.arch.arithmetic
• comp.arch.storage
• comp.parallel

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This presentation is about computer architecture

  • 1. William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 7th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction
  • 2. Architecture & Organization 1 • Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer —Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. —e.g. Is there a multiply instruction? • Organization is how features are implemented —Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. —e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?
  • 3. Architecture & Organization 2 • All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture • The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture • This gives code compatibility —At least backwards • Organization differs between different versions
  • 4. Structure & Function • Structure is the way in which components relate to each other • Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure
  • 5. Function • All computer functions are: —Data processing —Data storage —Data movement —Control
  • 9. Operation (c) Processing from/to storage
  • 11. Structure - Top Level Computer Main Memory Input Output Systems Interconnection Peripherals Communication lines Central Processing Unit Computer
  • 12. Structure - The CPU Computer Arithmetic and Login Unit Control Unit Internal CPU Interconnection Registers CPU I/O Memory System Bus CPU
  • 13. Structure - The Control Unit CPU Control Memory Control Unit Registers and Decoders Sequencing Login Control Unit ALU Registers Internal Bus Control Unit
  • 14. Outline of the Book (1) • Computer Evolution and Performance • Computer Interconnection Structures • Internal Memory • External Memory • Input/Output • Operating Systems Support • Computer Arithmetic • Instruction Sets
  • 15. Outline of the Book (2) • CPU Structure and Function • Reduced Instruction Set Computers • Superscalar Processors • Control Unit Operation • Microprogrammed Control • Multiprocessors and Vector Processing • Digital Logic (Appendix)
  • 16. Internet Resources - Web site for book • http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA7e.html —links to sites of interest —links to sites for courses that use the book —errata list for book —information on other books by W. Stallings • http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html —Math —How-to —Research resources —Misc
  • 17. Internet Resources - Web sites to look for • WWW Computer Architecture Home Page • CPU Info Center • Processor Emporium • ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture • IEEE Technical Committee on Computer Architecture • Intel Technology Journal • Manufacturer’s sites —Intel, IBM, etc.
  • 18. Internet Resources - Usenet News Groups • comp.arch • comp.arch.arithmetic • comp.arch.storage • comp.parallel