This document introduces key concepts about computer architecture and organization. Architecture refers to attributes visible to programmers, like instruction sets and data representation. Organization refers to how features are implemented in hardware. While different computer families may share the same architecture for compatibility, their internal organization differs. All computer functions involve data processing, storage, and movement, controlled by a central processing unit. The document outlines the chapters of a textbook on computer organization and architecture and provides internet resources for further information.

1. William Stallings
Computer Organization
and Architecture
Chapter 1
Introduction

2. Architecture & Organization 1
Architecture is those attributes visible to the
programmer
Instruction set, number of bits used for data
representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing
techniques.
e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
Organization is how features are implemented
Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.
e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by
repeated addition?

3. Architecture & Organization 2
All Intel x86 family share the same basic
architecture
The IBM System/370 family share the same
basic architecture
This gives code compatibility
At least backwards
Organization differs between different versions

4. Structure & Function
Structure is the way in which components relate
to each other
Function is the operation of individual
components as part of the structure

5. Function
All computer functions are:
Data processing
Data storage
Data movement
Control

6. Functional view
Functional view of a computer
Data
Movement
Apparatus
Control
Mechanism
Data
Storage
Facility
Data
Processing
Facility

7. Operations (1)
Data movement
e.g. keyboard to screen
Data
Movement
Apparatus
Control
Mechanism
Data
Storage
Facility
Data
Processing
Facility

8. Operations (2)
Storage
e.g. Internet download to disk
Data
Movement
Apparatus
Control
Mechanism
Data
Storage
Facility
Data
Processing
Facility

9. Operation (3)
Processing from/to storage
e.g. updating bank statement
Data
Movement
Apparatus
Control
Mechanism
Data
Storage
Facility
Data
Processing
Facility

10. Operation (4)
Processing from storage to I/O
e.g. printing a bank statement
Data
Movement
Apparatus
Control
Mechanism
Data
Storage
Facility
Data
Processing
Facility

11. Structure - Top Level
Computer
Main
Memory
Input
Output
Systems
Interconnection
Peripherals
Communication
lines
Central
Processing
Unit
Computer

12. Structure - The CPU
Computer Arithmetic
and
Login Unit
Control
Unit
Internal CPU
Interconnection
Registers
CPU
I/O
Memory
System
Bus
CPU

13. Structure - The Control Unit
CPU
Control
Memory
Control Unit
Registers and
Decoders
Sequencing
Login
Control
Unit
ALU
Registers
Internal
Bus
Control Unit

14. Outline of the Book (1)
Computer Evolution and Performance
Computer Interconnection Structures
Internal Memory
External Memory
Input/Output
Operating Systems Support
Computer Arithmetic
Instruction Sets

15. Outline of the Book (2)
CPU Structure and Function
Reduced Instruction Set Computers
Superscalar Processors
Control Unit Operation
Microprogrammed Control
Multiprocessors and Vector Processing
Digital Logic (Appendix)

16. Internet Resources
- Web site for book
http://www.shore.net/~ws/COA5e.html
links to sites of interest
links to sites for courses that use the book
errata list for book
information on other books by W. Stallings

17. Internet Resources
- Web sites to look for
WWW Computer Architecture Home Page
CPU Info Center
ACM Special Interest Group on Computer
Architecture
IEEE Technical Committee on Computer
Architecture
Intel Technology Journal
Manufacturer’s sites
Intel, IBM, etc.

18. Internet Resources
- Usenet News Groups
comp.arch
comp.arch.arithmetic
comp.arch.storage