Computer science

1. William Stallings
Computer Organization
and Architecture
8th Edition
Chapter 1
Introduction

2. Anatomy of Computer
• Architecture
• Organization
• Structure
• Function
• Component

3. Architecture & Organization 1
• Architecture is those attributes visible to
the programmer
—Instruction set, number of bits used for data
representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing
techniques.
—e.g. Is there a multiply instruction ?
• Organization is how features are
implemented
—Control signals, interfaces, memory
technology.
—e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it
done by repeated addition?

4. Architecture & Organization 2
• All Intel x86 family share the same basic
architecture
• The IBM System/370 family share the
same basic architecture
• This gives code compatibility
—At least backwards
• Organization differs between different
versions

5. Structure & Function
• Structure is the way in which components
relate to each other
• Function is the operation of individual
components as part of the structure

6. Toyota Gli 1.3 VVTI
1299 CC
VVTI Engine
16 vovle DOHC
• VVTI-Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable
valve timing technology developed by Toyota.
• CC- The size of an engine is measured in cubic centimetres (cc) and
refers to the total volume of air and fuel that’s pushed through the engine
by its cylinders.
• 1 horsepower is the power needed to move 550 pounds one foot in one
second (1300CC = 84HP)
• 1300CC Engine is comprised of Spark plug, the intake and exhaust
valves, Piston, Piston Rings, Connecting rod and Crankshaft.

7. Computer
• Engine = CPU or Processor
• 32 bit Intel x86 or IA32 supports 32 bit
computing
• 32bit General purpose processing
registers
• Intel implemented IA32 using RISC where
addition is done by repeating addition.
• Control Unit - fetches, decodes, executes
instructions. Arithmetic & Logic Unit -
performs arithmetic and logical operations
on data. Registers - fast, on-chip memory
inside the CPU, dedicated or general
purpose.

9. Function
• All computer functions are:
—Data processing
—Data storage
—Data movement
—Control

10. Functional View

11. Operations (a) Data movement

12. Operations (b) Storage

13. Operation (c) Processing from/to storage

14. Operation (d)
Processing from storage to I/O

15. Structure - Top Level
Computer
Main
Memory
Input
Output
Systems
Interconnection
Peripherals
Communication
lines
Central
Processing
Unit
Computer

16. Structure - The CPU
Computer Arithmetic
and
Login Unit
Control
Unit
Internal CPU
Interconnection
Registers
CPU
I/O
Memory
System
Bus
CPU

17. Structure - The Control Unit
CPU
Control
Memory
Control Unit
Registers and
Decoders
Sequencing
Login
Control
Unit
ALU
Registers
Internal
Bus
Control Unit

18. Outline of the Book (1)
• Computer Evolution and Performance
• Computer Interconnection Structures
• Internal Memory
• External Memory
• Input/Output
• Operating Systems Support
• Computer Arithmetic
• Instruction Sets

19. Outline of the Book (2)
• CPU Structure and Function
• Reduced Instruction Set Computers
• Superscalar Processors
• Control Unit Operation
• Microprogrammed Control
• Multiprocessors and Vector Processing
• Digital Logic (Appendix)

20. Internet Resources
- Web site for book
• http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA7e.html
—links to sites of interest
—links to sites for courses that use the book
—errata list for book
—information on other books by W. Stallings
• http://www.computersciencestudent.com/
—Math
—How-to
—Research resources
—Misc

21. Internet Resources
- Web sites to look for
• WWW Computer Architecture Home Page
• CPU Info Center
• Processor Emporium
• ACM Special Interest Group on Computer
Architecture
• IEEE Technical Committee on Computer
Architecture
• Intel Technology Journal
• Manufacturer’s sites
—Intel, IBM, etc.

22. Internet Resources
- Usenet News Groups
• comp.arch
• comp.arch.arithmetic
• comp.arch.storage
• comp.parallel