introduction to computer architecture

1. Computer Architecture & Organization
Books:
• David A. Patterson, John L. Hennessy,
"Computer Architecture: A Quantitative
Approach", 3rd Edition, Morgan
Kaufmann.
• 2. William Stallings, “ Computer
Architecture & Organization: Designing for
Performance”, 9th Edition, Pearson

2. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME (CLO):
After completion of the course the student will be/will have:
• CLO1. Able to understand the basics of computer
hardware and how computer interacts with computer
hardware
• CLO2. Able to demonstrate how computers represents
and manipulate data and basics of ISA Instruction Set
Architecture – MIPS.
• CLO3. Ability to determine a simple computer with
hardware design including data format, instruction format,
instruction set, addressing modes, bus structure,
input/output, memory, Arithmetic/Logic unit, control unit,
and data, instruction and address flow.

3. Marks Distribution
• 50 Marks Sessionals
—20 Marks Assignments( 04 Assignments)
—30 Marks Class Presentation(02 Presentations)
• 50 Marks Paper(Open Book Exam)

4. Chapter 1
Introduction

5. Architecture & Organization 1
• Architecture is those attributes visible to
the programmer
—Instruction set, number of bits used for data
representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing
techniques.
—e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
• Organization is how features are
implemented
—Control signals, interfaces, memory
technology.
—e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it
done by repeated addition?

6. Architecture & Organization 2
• All Intel x86 family share the same basic
architecture
• The IBM System/370 family share the
same basic architecture
• This gives code compatibility
—At least backwards
• Organization differs between different
versions

7. Structure & Function
• Structure is the way in which components
relate to each other
• Function is the operation of individual
components as part of the structure

8. Function
• All computer functions are:
—Data processing
—Data storage
—Data movement
—Control

9. Functional View

10. Operations (a) Data movement

11. Operations (b) Storage

12. Operation (c) Processing from/to storage

13. Operation (d)
Processing from storage to I/O

14. Structure - Top Level
Computer
Main
Memory
Input
Output
Systems
Interconnection
Peripherals
Communication
lines
Central
Processing
Unit
Computer

15. Structure - The CPU
Computer Arithmetic
and
Login Unit
Control
Unit
Internal CPU
Interconnection
Registers
CPU
I/O
Memory
System
Bus
CPU

16. Structure - The Control Unit
CPU
Control
Memory
Control Unit
Registers and
Decoders
Sequencing
Login
Control
Unit
ALU
Registers
Internal
Bus
Control Unit

17. Outline of the Book (1)
• Computer Evolution and Performance
• Computer Interconnection Structures
• Internal Memory
• External Memory
• Input/Output
• Operating Systems Support
• Computer Arithmetic
• Instruction Sets

18. Outline of the Book (2)
• CPU Structure and Function
• Reduced Instruction Set Computers
• Superscalar Processors
• Control Unit Operation
• Microprogrammed Control
• Multiprocessors and Vector Processing
• Digital Logic (Appendix)

19. Internet Resources
- Web site for book
• http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA7e.html
—links to sites of interest
—links to sites for courses that use the book
—errata list for book
—information on other books by W. Stallings
• http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html
—Math
—How-to
—Research resources
—Misc

20. Internet Resources
- Web sites to look for
• WWW Computer Architecture Home Page
• CPU Info Center
• Processor Emporium
• ACM Special Interest Group on Computer
Architecture
• IEEE Technical Committee on Computer
Architecture
• Intel Technology Journal
• Manufacturer’s sites
—Intel, IBM, etc.

21. Internet Resources
- Usenet News Groups
• comp.arch
• comp.arch.arithmetic
• comp.arch.storage
• comp.parallel