This document summarizes the key intermolecular forces that determine the properties of liquids and solids. It describes dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, London dispersion forces, and how these forces differ between liquids, solids, and gases. It also discusses the structures of different types of solids like ionic, molecular, metallic and network solids.
The chemical Bond: Electronic concept of valency. Different types of chemical bond e.g. ionic, covalent, coordinate covalent metallic, dipole, hydrogen bond etc. Theories of covalent bonding and hybridization.
The chemical Bond: Electronic concept of valency. Different types of chemical bond e.g. ionic, covalent, coordinate covalent metallic, dipole, hydrogen bond etc. Theories of covalent bonding and hybridization.
Structure of matter/cosmetic dentistry course by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
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The Braun Foundation for International ExchangeMartin Moessmer
Our Mission:
The Non-Profit Braun Foundation sees itself as a mediator for the needs of schools, universities, businesses and exchange organisations, and a facilitator for the intercultural education of (future) applicants, the further education of internationally placed employees, as well as supporting individuals and organisations in other related areas.
Our Vision:
We would like to contribute towards a mutual understanding between cultures, and develop and promote different educational and economic systems. To this end, the foundation facilitates crucial exchanges and meetings at an international level.
Our Values:
Tolerance, Integration and intercultural communication are very complex terms. The Braun Foundation brings these principles to life, and through an operational and supportive foundation business, incorporates them into our daily lives and our society.
To reach our goals and fulfill our vision we cooperate, support and interlink colleges, high-schools, state and private universities, Language Schools and Exchange organisations, NGOs, NPOs, private companies and State Organisations.
Together with the extensive and diverse Braun Foundation network we have established the International Exchange Service of the Braun Foundation (PESIE) and the International PESIE Student ID Card (IPSC).
The project "Preparation Colleges in Germany" complements the Foundation's main purposes and activities.
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The Braun Foundation for International ExchangeMartin Moessmer
Our Mission:
The Non-Profit Braun Foundation sees itself as a mediator for the needs of schools, universities, businesses and exchange organisations, and a facilitator for the intercultural education of (future) applicants, the further education of internationally placed employees, as well as supporting individuals and organisations in other related areas.
Our Vision:
We would like to contribute towards a mutual understanding between cultures, and develop and promote different educational and economic systems. To this end, the foundation facilitates crucial exchanges and meetings at an international level.
Our Values:
Tolerance, Integration and intercultural communication are very complex terms. The Braun Foundation brings these principles to life, and through an operational and supportive foundation business, incorporates them into our daily lives and our society.
To reach our goals and fulfill our vision we cooperate, support and interlink colleges, high-schools, state and private universities, Language Schools and Exchange organisations, NGOs, NPOs, private companies and State Organisations.
Together with the extensive and diverse Braun Foundation network we have established the International Exchange Service of the Braun Foundation (PESIE) and the International PESIE Student ID Card (IPSC).
The project "Preparation Colleges in Germany" complements the Foundation's main purposes and activities.
EUGM 2013 - Bernd Rupp (FMP) Chemical Information systems: From compound coll...ChemAxon
The FMP has developed a database of commercially available compounds which is used to design our in-house HTS collection and is additionally applied to create focused libraries. But the dramatically increase of unique compounds of one order of magnitude from less than 10 to around 30 to 40 million compounds currently and approximately hundred million compounds in the next years requires a reorganization and redevelopment of our storage and searching strategy. To manage such a massive amount of data we developed a Registration Database for registration and normalisation of vendor catalogues. This database contains the highly redundant data of the vendor catalogues and is converted in a second step into the non-redundant Unique Structure Database which represents a data warehouse combining vendor data, structural descriptors and in-house classification tools including our earlier developed ADMET- and reactivity filters as well as our in-house fragment-based fingerprints used for library design tasks. The management of both database systems is part of a new developed Java application, which handles the user management for the data upload in the Registration Database and the conversion into the Unique Structure Database. Further a first version of a Web service is in preparation. This service allows the scientist not only to search for compounds and fragments in the Unique Structure Database but also to combine such a search with the FMP tools to classify compounds for their usability in biological assays.
Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another, including planets, stars and galaxies.
Since energy and mass are equivalent, all forms of energy, including light, also cause gravitation and are under the influence of it.
On Earth, gravity gives weight to physical objects and causes the ocean tides.
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Chapter 1: Material Structure and Binary Alloy Systemsyar 2604
This is an introduction to material structure and periodic table system. This topic also describes microstructure of the metals and alloys solidification.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
41. Filled Molecular Orbitals Empty Molecular Orbitals The 1s, 2s, and 2p electrons are close to nucleus, so they are not able to move around. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 12+ 12+ 12+ 12+ 12+ 12+ Magnesium Atoms
42. Filled Molecular Orbitals Empty Molecular Orbitals 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 12+ 12+ 12+ 12+ 12+ 12+ Magnesium Atoms The 3s and 3p orbitals overlap and form molecular orbitals.
43. Filled Molecular Orbitals Empty Molecular Orbitals 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 12+ 12+ 12+ 12+ 12+ 12+ Magnesium Atoms Electrons in these energy levels can travel freely throughout the crystal.
44. Filled Molecular Orbitals Empty Molecular Orbitals 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 12+ 12+ 12+ 12+ 12+ 12+ Magnesium Atoms This makes metals conductors Malleable because the bonds are flexible .
101. Heating Curve for Water Ice Water and Ice Water Water and Steam Steam
102. Heating Curve for Water Heat of Fusion Heat of Vaporization Slope is Heat Capacity
103. Figure 10.42 Heating Curve for Water Bp plateau longer than Mp because takes almost 7x the energy to vaporize as melt. Slopes of other lines different because different states of water have different molar heat capacities
118. Phase Diagram for Water What happens to BP of water as pressure increases? To FP? BP increases, FP decreases What is the definition of triple point? The T and P at which all 3 states are in equilibrium
122. Phase Diagram for Carbon Note: There are 4 phases: Diamond, graphite, liquid, vapor. There are two “triple points”: Higher one is between Diamond, graphite & liquid Lower one is between graphite, liquid & vapor There can be different phases between solids if they have a different crystalline structure.
123.
124. Z5e Fig 10.52 Phase Diagram for CO 2 Solid/Liquid line has positive slope - Why? Density of solid carbon dioxide is greater than that of liquid.
Editor's Notes
Z5e 10.1 p. 452
Rf Z5e Ch10 early slide
Z5e Fig 10.2 p. 453 Use this to predict relative boiling points.
HRW Top are polar Bottom are non-polar
Re Z5e ch 10 early slides
Z5e Fig. 10.4 p. 454 Non-polar tetrahedral hydrides of Gp 4A show steady increase in b.p. w/molar mass But, for other gps, lightest member has unexpectedly high b.p. d/t H-bonding (polar X-H) AND because small size of 1st element in each group allows close approach of dipoles, further strengthening intermolecular forces.
Z5e 453 rf Fig. 10.3
Rf Z5e Ch10 early slides
Z53 fig. 10.5 p. 455 Describes (a) instantaneous dipoles on atoms vs. (b) that on molecules
As number of e- increase, greater chance of momentary dipole interactions. So, importance of London forces increases as size of atom increases.
Z5e Section 10.2 p. 456
Rf. Z5e fig. 10.6 p. 456
SS look at Fig. 10.7 Z5e p. 456 for actual menisci of Hg and H2O
Z5e 456
Z5e 457
Z5e 457-458
Section 10.3 Z5e p. 458
Z5e 10.3 An Introduction to Structures and Types of Solids
Z5e 461-462.
Aka Simple cubic (rf. Fig. 10.9 Z5e 459)
Z5e459 Fig. 10.9. Three cubic unit cells and their corresponding lattices.
Z5e 462 Fig. 10.12
Z5e 462 -466
Section 10.4 Z5e 463
Hrw 181
Z53 468 and fig. 10.21
Z5e 468 Two Types of Alloys.
Z5e Section 10.5 p. 470
Rf. Fig. 10.22(a) Z5e 470
Rf. Fig. 10.22(b) Z5e 470.
Z5e 471 Fig. 10.24 - an extensive Pi-bonding network. Discuss Semiconductors Z5e p. 476; add figures
Z5e 471. Fig. 10.24
Z5e 470 Fig. 10.22.
Z5e 476
Z5e 476-477 & figs. 10.29 -10.31
Energy level diagrams for (a) an n-type semiconductor and (b) a p-type semiconductor
Section 10.6 Z5e 478
Z5E 479
Section 10.7 Z5e 479 Do Z5e SE 10.4 p. 483 Students copy Table 10.7 and I review!!!
Section 10.8 Z5e 484
Z5e Fig. 10.37 485 Rate of evaporation remains constant Rate of condensation increases as # molecules in vapor phase increase, until the two rates become equal
Z5e 484
Rf. Fig 10.38 Z5e 485
Fig 10.38 Z5e 485 Ether is most volatile. In each case a little liquid remains floating at top.
Rf. Fig 10.39 Z5e 486
Fig 10.40 Z5e 487. (b) plot used in Lab 9 (Vapor Pressure and Enthalpy of Vaporization in H2O).
Fig. 10.42 Z5e 490 Bp plateau longer than mp because almost 7x energy to vaporize vs. melt. Slopes of other lines are different because different states of water have different molar heat capacities.
Merrill 435 SP
Merrill 435 SP
Rf. #87 Z5e 508 Ans. 1680 kJ (see solutions guide 247).
Z5e 491-492
Z5e 492.
Section 10.9 Z5e 493
Rf. HRW Tr 63
Ask students what state exists for each letter
Fig 10.47 Z5e 493 Be able to draw, given a set of data and to describe, including meaning of (-) slope.