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  CHAPTER   18  Nuclear  Chemistry 18.I Nuclear Stability & Radioactive Decay  pp I
Black dots are stable nuclides. As A (atomic mass) increases, nº/p +  ratio increases.
Subatomic Particles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Radiation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Radiation ,[object Object],[object Object],paper 2+ ,[object Object],[object Object],1- lead ,[object Object],[object Object],1+ ,[object Object],[object Object],0 concrete
Radiation Protection   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Radiation Protection
Nuclear Decay ,[object Object],Atomic & Mass Numbers must balance!! parent nuclide daughter nuclide alpha particle
Nuclear Decay ,[object Object],[object Object],electron positron
Nuclear Decay ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],electron
 
Gamma  radiation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Table 18.2 Types of Nuclear Processes p. 845
Learning Check ,[object Object],[object Object]
Producing Radioactive Isotopes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learning Check NR2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solution NR2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nuclear Decay   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],DECAY SERIES TRANSPARENCY
The decay series.
18.2 Kinetics of Radioactive Decay ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Half-life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Examples of Half-Life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learning Check NR3 ,[object Object]
Solution NR3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Half-life m f : final mass m i : initial mass n : # of half-lives
Half-life   pp ,[object Object],GIVEN: T 1/2  = 5.0 s m i  = 25 g m f  = ? total time = 60.0 s n = 60.0s ÷ 5.0s =12  WORK : m f  = m i  (1/2) n m f  = (25 g)(0.5) 12 m f  = 0.0061 g
Kinetics of Nuclear Decay Problems  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Kinetics of Nuclear Decay Problems  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Actual AP question:  1989 MC #68  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
18.3 Nuclear Transformations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A representation of a Geiger-Müller counter.
18.4 Detection & Uses of Radioactivity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Synthetic Elements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Carbon-14 Dating  You will have a test question like this!   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Carbon-14 Dating  You will have a test question like this!   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Carbon-14 Dating  You will have  another  test question like  this !   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nuclear Medicine ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Radiation treatment using  -rays from cobalt-60.
Other Uses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Radioisotopes Used As Tracers
18.5 Thermodynamic Stability of the Nucleus ,[object Object],4.00260 amu 4.03298 amu
Nuclear Binding Energy ,[object Object],[object Object],E = mc 2 E: energy (J) m: mass defect ( kg ) c: speed of light (3.00 x 10 8  m/s)
Nuclear Binding Energy ,[object Object],[object Object]
18.6 Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion Fission  - splitting Fusion  - Combining Both produce more stable nuclides so they are  exothermic  processes
A. Nuclear Fission ,[object Object],[object Object]
Nuclear Fission ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Energy
Nuclear Power ,[object Object],Cooling Tower
Schematic of the reactor core.
Nuclear Power ,[object Object]
Fission ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Nuclear Fusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nuclear Fusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Energy
Nuclear Power ,[object Object]
Nuclear Power ,[object Object],Tokomak Fusion Test Reactor Princeton University National Spherical Torus Experiment
Fission vs. Fusion   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],FISSION FUSION
Learning Check NR4 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Energy
Solution NR4 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
E. Nuclear Weapons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
18.7 Effects of Radiation  pp ,[object Object],[object Object]
Factors for Biological Effects of Radiation  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Radioactive particles and rays vary greatly in penetrating power.
 
Diagram for the tentative plan for deep underground isolation of nuclear waste .

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Ch18 z7e nuclear

Editor's Notes

  1. Z5e 1022
  2. Hrw 705-707; z5e 1024-1025
  3. Hrw 706; z5e 1024
  4. Hrw 706; z5e 1024-1025
  5. Hrw 707; z5e 1024-1025
  6. Hrw 707; z5e 1027
  7. Hrw 710 z53 1027
  8. Z5e 1028
  9. Hrw 708; z5e 1028
  10. Hrw 708; z5e 1030
  11. Hrw 709; z5e 1028
  12. Hrw 709; z5e 1028
  13. Z5e text #21
  14. AP 1989 MC #68
  15. Z5e text #21
  16. Hrw 714; z53 1033-1044
  17. Hrw 715; z5e 1034
  18. Hrw none; z5e 1032
  19. Z5e 1035 SE 21.5
  20. Z5e 1035 SE 21.5
  21. Z5e 1035 SE 21.6
  22. Hrw 715; z5e 1037
  23. Hrw 715; z5e 1037
  24. Hrw 715; z5e 1038
  25. Hrw 701; Z5e 1038
  26. Hrw 701-702; Z5e 1038-40
  27. Hrw 702; z5e 1038-40
  28. Z5e 1042 Fig. 21.10
  29. Hrw 717; z5e 1042-1044
  30. Hrw 718; no 1044
  31. Hrw 718; z5e 1044
  32. Hrw 1044; no z5e
  33. Hrw 717; z5e 1042-1044
  34. Hrw 718
  35. Hrw 719; z5e 1047-1048
  36. None (z5e 1044-1047)
  37. Hrw none, z5e 1044-1047
  38. Hrw 717-719; z5e 1041-1042
  39. Hrw 716; z5e 1044
  40. Z5e 1048
  41. Hrw 713; z5e 1048
  42. Hrw 715; z5e 1038