The measurements related to cardiovascular, plethysmography, blood pressure measurements, volume measurements, blood flow measurements, echo cardio, doppler and its block diagrams are discussed. Supporting video links are also attached with.

1. Compiled By: Prof. G B Rathod
EC department-BVM College,
Email: ghansyam.rathod@bvmengineering.ac.in
The Cardiovascular Measurements

2. Blood Pressure Measurement
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3. Blood Pressure Measurement
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 Click here to see the method to measure the blood pressure
using non digital technique.
 Click here to see the method to measure the blood pressure
using the digital machine.
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4. Blood Flow measurement
4
 Click here to see the
concept of the
electromagnetic flow
meter
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5. Blood Flow Measurement
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6. Blood Flow Measurement
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 Click here to see
the concept of flow
measurement using
ultrasound
 Doppler Effect
useful in
measurement of
blood flow. See the
Concept
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7. Plethysmography
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 A plethysmograph is an instrument for measuring changes in volume within
an organ or whole body (usually resulting from fluctuations in the amount of
blood or air it contains).
 Plethysmography measures changes in volume in different areas of your body. It
measures these changes with blood pressure cuffs or other sensors. These are
attached to a machine called a plethysmograph.
 Limb Plethysmography
 Normally, the systolic blood pressure in your arm and leg are similar. The ankle-
brachial index (ABI) is a measurement used to check for potential problems. To
calculate your ABI, divide the highest systolic blood pressure reading from your
leg by the highest reading from your arm.
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8. Plethysmography
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 Lung Plethysmography
 Lung plethysmography measures how much air you can hold in your
lungs. The normal range depends on your age, gender, body size, and
level of fitness.
 This test is a starting point for your diagnosis. An abnormal result
confirms that there’s a problem with your lung capacity. But it doesn’t
tell your doctor what that problem might be. Your doctor would have to
do additional tests to discover why your results were abnormal.
Possibilities include a breakdown of lung tissue and problems with the
muscles around your chest wall. They also include problems with your
lungs’ ability to contract and expand.
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10. Ecocardiography
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 Echocardiography is a test that uses sound waves to
produce live images of your heart. The image is an
echocardiogram. This test allows your doctor to monitor
how your heart and its valves are functioning.
 An echocardiogram, often referred to as a cardiac
echo or simply an echo, is a sonogram of the heart.
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11. Ecocardiography
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12. Doppler Ultrasound Instruments
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 A Doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive test that can be
used to estimate the blood flow through your blood vessels
by bouncing high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) off
circulating red blood cells. A regular ultrasound uses sound
waves to produce images, but can't show blood flow.
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13. REFERENCES
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 Book: “Biomedical instrumentation and measurements
“ ,by L. Cromwell, F .Weibell, and E. Pfeiffer. PHI
publication 2nd Edition
 www.worldofteaching.com
 Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology by Joseph
J. Carr. and John M. Brown. Forth Edition Pearson
Publication- 2012
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14. Thank You
Scan the QR Code for more information
Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453