The document discusses phonocardiography, which is the study of heart sounds using a phonocardiograph. A phonocardiograph is an instrument that picks up heart sounds, filters them, and displays the phonocardiogram, which is the graphic recording of heart sounds. There are two main types of heart sounds - normal sounds due to valve openings and closings, and abnormal murmurs due to turbulent blood flow. The document outlines the history and development of phonocardiography and the stethoscope, describes heart sound characteristics, and discusses the components of a phonocardiogram recording system.
Graphic record heart sound - Phonogram.
Recording the sounds connected with the pumping action of heart.
Sound from heart – phonocardiogram
Instrument to measure this – phonocardiograph
Basic function – to pick up the different heart sound,filter the required and display.
Graphic record heart sound - Phonogram.
Recording the sounds connected with the pumping action of heart.
Sound from heart – phonocardiogram
Instrument to measure this – phonocardiograph
Basic function – to pick up the different heart sound,filter the required and display.
1.Bioelectric signals and their characteristics
2.Structure of heart
3.ECG Lead System Configuration
4.ECG Waveform
5.ECG Recording system – Block diagram
6.Analysis of ECG waveform
The measurements related to cardiovascular, plethysmography, blood pressure measurements, volume measurements, blood flow measurements, echo cardio, doppler and its block diagrams are discussed. Supporting video links are also attached with.
An electrogastrogram (EGG) is a graphic produced by an electrogastrograph, which records the electrical signals that travel through the stomach muscles and control the muscles' contractions. An electrogastroenterogram (or gastroenterogram) is a similar procedure, which writes down electric signals not only from the stomach, but also from intestines.
A Bioamplifier is an electrophysiological device, a variation of the instrumentation amplifier, used to gather and increase the signal integrity of physiologic electrical activity for output to various sources. It may be an independent unit, or integrated into the electrodes.
The Action and resting potential of the body are discussed. The working of body cell, tissue and how the electrical activity of body cell done? are discussed.
ABOUT ECG AND PCG The electrocardiograph (ECG) is an instrument which records the electrical activity of the heart. ... ECG provides valuable information about a wide range of cardiac disorders such as the presence of an inactive part (infarction) or an enlargement (cardiac hypertrophy) of the heart muscle.
1.Bioelectric signals and their characteristics
2.Structure of heart
3.ECG Lead System Configuration
4.ECG Waveform
5.ECG Recording system – Block diagram
6.Analysis of ECG waveform
The measurements related to cardiovascular, plethysmography, blood pressure measurements, volume measurements, blood flow measurements, echo cardio, doppler and its block diagrams are discussed. Supporting video links are also attached with.
An electrogastrogram (EGG) is a graphic produced by an electrogastrograph, which records the electrical signals that travel through the stomach muscles and control the muscles' contractions. An electrogastroenterogram (or gastroenterogram) is a similar procedure, which writes down electric signals not only from the stomach, but also from intestines.
A Bioamplifier is an electrophysiological device, a variation of the instrumentation amplifier, used to gather and increase the signal integrity of physiologic electrical activity for output to various sources. It may be an independent unit, or integrated into the electrodes.
The Action and resting potential of the body are discussed. The working of body cell, tissue and how the electrical activity of body cell done? are discussed.
ABOUT ECG AND PCG The electrocardiograph (ECG) is an instrument which records the electrical activity of the heart. ... ECG provides valuable information about a wide range of cardiac disorders such as the presence of an inactive part (infarction) or an enlargement (cardiac hypertrophy) of the heart muscle.
Medical science of cardiovascular system. It is the importance system in the human body. Blood is a specialised fruit can keep tissue which is circulated by cardiovascular system. Other system are respiratory system nervous system, gastrointestinal system . But cardiovascular system is the important system in our human body. Which involved heart
A brief overview of Cardiac Auscultation followed by a description of the origin of various sounds produced by the heart from a bio-mechanical perspective
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
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Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
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Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
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The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
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CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
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It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. Phonocardiogram (PCG)
• Phonocardiography is the study of different heart
sounds.
• The phonocardiograph is the instrument used to
pick up the different heart sound, filter the
required and display.
• The phonocardiogram is the graphic record of
heart sounds.
Two categories
• Heart sound- transient characteristics with short
duration occurs due to opening and closing of the
heart valves.
• Murmurs- noisy characteristics with long duration
occurs due to turbulent blood flow in heart.
3. PIONEERS
• Hippocrates laid the foundation for
auscultation
• Robert Hook realized diagnostic use of cardiac
auscultation
• Biggest breakthrough in auscultation:
Rene Laennec invented stethoscope
• Dr. Jean Bennett Maguire devised a method
of real-time spectral phonocardiography for
the detection and classification of heart
murmurs.
6. Classifications of heart sounds
• Valve closure sound - This sound occurs at the
beginning of systole and at the beginning of
diastole.
• Ventricular filling sound - This sound is
occurred at the time of filling of the ventricles.
• Valve opening sound - This sound occurs at
the time of opening of atrio- ventricular valves
and semi lunar valves.
• Extra cardiac sound - This sound occur in mid
systole or late systole or early diastole
8. PCG Signal Characteristics
• 1st Heart sound:
• Closure of mitral and tricuspid valves.
• Frequency- 30 to 100Hz and duration 50 to
100ms.
• 2nd Heart sound :
• Closure of aortic and pulmonary valves.
• Frequency- 30 to 100Hz and duration 25 to
50ms.
9. PCG Signal Characteristics
• 3rd heart sound:
• Blood rapid movement into relaxed ventricular
chambers
• Frequency – 10 to 100 Hz and duration 0.04 to
0.08 S.
• 4th heart sound
• Atrial contraction.
• Frequency 10 to 50HZ and duration 0.03 to 0.06S
13. • Aortic stenosis murmur – This murmur is occurred
when the blood is ejected from the left ventricle
through aortic valve due to resistance to ejection, the
pressure in the left ventricle increased. So turbulent
blood flow occur. This turbulent blood impinging the
aortic valve. So intense vibration is produced. It
produces loud murmur.
• Mitral regurgitation murmur- In this murmur, blood
flows in backward direction through the mitral valve
during systole.
• Aortic regurgitation murmur – During diastole,
sound is heard. In diastole blood flows in the
backward direction from aorta to left ventricles when
valves are damaged, then this sound is heard.
• Mitral stenosis murmur – This murmur is produced
when blood is passed from left atrium to left
ventricle. This sound is very weak.
15. TYPES OF MICROPHONES USED IN
PCG
1. Air coupled microphone-
• Movement of chest is transferred through the air
cushion.
• It provides low mechanical impedance to the
chest.
2. Contact microphone
• It is directly coupled to the chest wall and provides
high impedance, high sensitivity, and low noise.
• It is light in weight.
16. Amplifier
• Offer selective high pass filter to allow frequency
cutoff
• Bandwidth : 20- 2000Hz
• Amplify signal
Filter
• Permit selection of suitable frequency bands
• Avoid aliasing
• Separate louder low frequency signals from
lower intensity, much informative high frequency
murmurs.
